Radiation segmentectomy (RS) utilizing Yttrium-90 (Y90) microspheres has emerged as a highly effective, minimally invasive locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in early-stage disease. This precision treatment delivers ablative radiation doses directly to the tumor and its immediate surrounding parenchyma, thereby minimizing systemic toxicity and preserving healthy liver tissue. RS consistently demonstrates high objective and complete response rates, which often correlate directly with complete pathological necrosis (CPN) of the tumor, as rigorously assessed by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria. This robust imaging response translates into durable local tumor control and prolonged time to disease progression. The safety and feasibility of RS are generally well-established. The procedure is typically well-tolerated, with common adverse events usually being mild and transient. Severe complications are rare, emphameasuring the procedure's precision and minimal invasiveness. Optimal outcomes are contingent upon meticulous patient selection, strict adherence to technical guidelines, and precise dosimetry. Beyond its role as a definitive therapy, RS plays a critical function in bridging and downstaging patients awaiting liver transplantation. By effectively controlling tumor burden, it enhances patient eligibility for transplantation and improves outcomes on transplant waiting lists. Furthermore, RS offers distinct advantages over other conventional locoregional therapies in specific clinical scenarios, solidifying its integral position within the comprehensive management paradigm for HCC.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation by binding to messenger RNA and thereby modulating protein synthesis and affecting cellular functions such as proliferation and apoptosis. In bone biology, miRNAs influence osseointegration, a process vital to the long-term success of orthopaedic implants. This process involves coordinated phases of inflammation, bone formation, and remodelling, which are regulated by miRNA-mediated signalling networks. miRNAs contribute to the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activity, as well as macrophage-mediated immune responses, thereby influencing bone regeneration and integration with implant surfaces. This review summarizes current insights into the role of miRNAs at the bone-implant interface, focusing particularly on their involvement in immune modulation and bone tissue formation. Furthermore, it explores emerging strategies for the local delivery of miRNAs to enhance implant integration, highlighting their therapeutic potential in improving orthopaedic outcomes.

Despite significant advances in the treatment of childhood cancers, progress in improving outcomes of many paediatric solid tumours remains limited, particularly in patients with relapsed or metastatic disease. Current treatment strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and external beam radiotherapy, can achieve disease control but are often associated with substantial acute and long-term toxicities affecting long-term development, impacting the overall quality of life of survivors. Radioligand therapy (RLT) has emerged as a promising targeted therapeutic strategy that combines tumour-specific ligands with radioactive isotopes, enabling the selective delivery of radiation to cancer cells while minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissues. In adult oncology, RLT has demonstrated substantial clinical benefit in several malignancies, which has not (yet) translated into paediatric cancers. Early clinical studies have explored the use of RLT in paediatric solid tumours, particularly in neuroblastoma, but the available evidence remains fragmented and largely limited to small series. Therefore, this review aims to summarise the current clinical evidence on the use of RLT in paediatric solid tumours, including relevant molecular targets, radiopharmaceuticals, clinical outcomes, and safety profiles, and to discuss the key challenges and future directions for the development of RLT in paediatric oncology.