BackgroundWorkplace mobbing is a persistent occupational hazard in medical training, undermining clinician well-being, retention and, ultimately, patient care. Concise, psychometrically sound instruments are needed for routine monitoring in high-workload settings.ObjectiveTo translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish Luxembourg Workplace Mobbing Scale (LWMS) among resident physicians.MethodsIn this cross-sectional validation study, 375 residents from internal medicine and surgical specialties at a tertiary teaching hospital in Turkey completed the Turkish LWMS. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α, McDonald's ω), structural validity (one-factor confirmatory factor analysis) and convergent validity (associations with workload indicators) were assessed. Multiple linear regression examined independent predictors of mobbing exposure.ResultsThe Turkish LWMS supported a unidimensional structure with excellent fit (CFI=0.994, TLI=0.988, RMSEA=0.052; SRMR=0.022). Reliability was strong (α=0.863; ω=0.864). Response distributions suggested task-related negative acts were more salient than overt public humiliation; assignment of absurd or meaningless duties was most frequently endorsed, being ridiculed in front of others was least. Weekly working hours showed modest bivariate associations with mobbing exposure, but in the adjusted model specialty group was the only significant predictor: surgical residents reported higher LWMS scores than internal medicine residents (B = 0.772, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe Turkish LWMS is a valid, reliable and time-efficient tool for assessing workplace mobbing in residency. Rather than workload being the key driver of mobbing exposure, findings point to the role of specialty-specific organisational culture, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention efforts in high-risk departments.

BackgroundPersistent post-concussion symptoms hinder return to work, yet the relative importance of specific workplace accommodations supporting this process remains unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the relative importance of influential work related factors on the Return to Work (RTW) process in persons with persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS).MethodsA longitudinal survey study of employees with PPCS (n = 63) and their employers (n = 63) regarding different work accommodations to support RTW. Accommodations were: working from home, having a written plan for RTW, utilizing work aids, implementing a gradual return, and adapted tasks. Outcomes were RTW in any capacity, RTW under similar work conditions as before mild traumatic brain injury, and sick-leave. The impact of work accommodations on outcome measures was examined by a dominance analysis considering sociodemographic factors, work-related factors and symptom burden. Logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the direction of effects.ResultsThe most influential factor on RTW in any capacity and sick-leave was the possibility of consistently working from home (30%). The most influential factor on RTW under the same conditions was having a written plan for RTW (27%). Regression analysis showed that the interventions had the greatest impact if they were applied consistently over time whereas inconsistent possibility of working from home had a negative impact on RTW.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that two of the most influential factors for RTW in the context of PPCS were long-term option of working from home and the presence of a written plan for the RTW process.

BackgroundThe aging of the French population is a highly inertial process, meaning we can already draw the age pyramid of 2050 with a fairly high degree of certainty. According to the French National Institute of Statistics (Insee), the French population is expected to peak at 69.3 million in 2044, before beginning to slow gradually. Focusing on the working population, the level of uncertainty increases, but we know that its decline is likely to occur even earlier, from 2036 onwards. These demographic shifts put the social protection system under pressure, and particularly pension schemes. The main response by public authorities is to postpone the retirement age in order to maintain a sustainable ratio of contributors to beneficiaries. Indeed, since life expectancy is increasing, it would be possible to work longer, while still enjoying a period of retirement. However, several factors complicate the equation, not least the issue of occupational hazards, which play a decisive role in determining workers' health and ability to remain on the labour market. This is the purpose of this foresight study.ObjectiveEven if these demographic trends are unavoidable up to 2050, they can however lead to a range of possible futures. Therefore, as part of its foresight activity, the French research institute for occupational health (INRS) has conducted a study to explore how demographic changes might reshape the world of work by 2050, and the implications on workers' health and safety.MethodsThis paper summarises the methodological approach adopted in the study and presents the findings achieved on the following questions: what opportunities and threats do these changes represent for occupational risk prevention? What sectoral issues are affected? How can the occupational health professionals involved prepare? More specifically, it describes how structural changes that will undoubtedly impact French society can give rise to different adaptation strategies, which may lead to the emergence or worsening of various occupational risks.ResultsThis project has produced two contrasted scenarios, which were then applied to 5 sectors, selected for the specific situations of tension they present. Those Initial results were then submitted to a panel of occupational safety and health (OSH) experts.ConclusionsThis study led to a list of sectoral and transversal courses of action to the prevention stakeholders, that could improve de working conditions and contribute to maintain people at work.

BackgroundMental state is a key factor influencing occupational health and safety, particularly in professional drivers who are exposed to high cognitive demands during long driving hours. Understanding how mental workload varies across individuals is essential for reducing risks related to fatigue and distraction in transportation occupations.ObjectiveThis study classified mental workload using EEG data collected during real-driving conditions and examined how personal factors (age, gender, and driving experience) contribute to inter-individual variability.MethodsEEG data were recorded from 39 active drivers during a real-world driving task on a route including main and secondary roads representing higher and lower workload conditions. Mental workload levels were labeled according to road type. A subject-specific classification approach was applied using four machine learning models, with individually optimized parameters.ResultsThe models discriminated between workload levels associated with different road types. The highest average accuracy reached 89.86%, with a maximum of 98.06%. The Multi-Layer Perceptron model combined with Principal Component Analysis gave the best results. Feature importance analysis revealed that frontal theta, beta, and particularly gamma band powers were the most discriminative features, although dominant features varied across individuals.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that EEG-based mental workload levels associated with different road types can be classified using subject-specific models. These results support the development of personalized and adaptive monitoring systems aimed at enhancing occupational road safety and driver health.

BackgroundThere is limited evidence on the perspectives and support needs of persons with younger onset dementia (YOD) within employment. This poses challenges for supporting this demographic within the workplace and during their transition to retirement.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to understand the lived experience of people developing YOD within the workplace, and their support needs, including their transition into retirement within Australia.MethodsTwo rounds of in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom with four participants who were diagnosed with YOD whilst employed. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was utilised to generate themes and subthemes.ResultsThree themes and eleven subthemes were identified. Themes are: 1) Experience of YOD within the workplace; 2) adjustments and transitions; and 3) advice you would give other people in a similar situation.ConclusionsFindings support an emerging understanding of the lived experience of developing YOD within the workplace, transitioning into retirement, and the associated support needs. There is a need for further research regarding the capabilities and support needs of people with YOD, including the value of an occupational therapist, to influence workplace policies and practices.

BackgroundErgonomics is important for improving nurses' working conditions and preventing work-related health problems. Research on ergonomics in nursing has grown significantly, becoming a major interest for nurse health, patient safety, and work processes.ObjectiveThis study aims to establish a direct conceptual link between ergonomic risk dimensions and the bibliometric approach.MethodsA comprehensive search of the Web of Science database was conducted, and 1292 studies published between 1981 and 2025 were analysed. Bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate performance analysis, scientific mapping, thematic mapping, and thematic evolution. Data were analyzed using RStudio (Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny) and VOSviewer software. Authors' keywords were used in the analyses.ResultsThe findings showed that the field has grown considerably in recent years and that the literature has mainly focused on musculoskeletal disorders, patient handling, physical workload, and patient safety. Keyword co-occurrence analysis demonstrated that physical ergonomics themes remained dominant, while psychosocial, organizational, and technology-oriented concepts such as burnout, teamwork, safety culture, usability, telehealth, and artificial intelligence became increasingly visible. The thematic evolution analysis suggested increasing attention to patient safety, systems-oriented approaches, and digital healthcare technologies, while traditional themes related to occupational exposures and work tasks remained prominent throughout the study period.ConclusionNursing ergonomics research has increasingly incorporated physical, cognitive, organizational, and technology-oriented dimensions over time, reflecting a more multidimensional understanding of ergonomics. While physical ergonomics themes continue to dominate the literature, cognitive, organizational, and technology-oriented dimensions are becoming increasingly prominent, highlighting the need for more systems-based and interdisciplinary ergonomic approaches in future research.

BackgroundIndustrial ice manufacturing utilizing anhydrous ammonia (NH3) refrigeration presents high-severity occupational risks. While strictly mandated in the Philippines by Republic Act No. 11058, a profound execution gap often persists within decentralized provincial economies.ObjectiveThis research evaluates baseline levels, structural gaps, and predictive factors of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) compliance, hazard awareness, and operational practices among ice manufacturers in Bislig City, Philippines.MethodsUtilizing a quantitative cross-sectional design, data was gathered via a total population census (N = 25) from a commercial plant (CC Ice Plant) and a cooperative facility (MAFISCO). Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was executed to isolate institutional predictors of worker hazard awareness.ResultsThe workforce is male dominated (96%) and extraordinarily junior, with 64% possessing five years of experience or less. Hazard mapping demonstrated a "catastrophe bias," where 80% of workers prioritize acute chemical threats (ammonia leaks) while systematically under-prioritizing chronic physical hazards like slips, trips, and falls (44%). The MLR model demonstrated exceptional predictive capacity, explaining 93.5% of the variance in hazard awareness (p = 0.009, Adjusted R2 = 0.935). Training Frequency functioned as the strongest relative predictor (β = 0.613, p = 0.001), closely supported by floor-level Supervisory Support (β = 0.479, p = 0.001) and visible Compliance Enforcement (β = 0.395, p = 0.001).ConclusionsExpanding administrative training hours in isolation is insufficient; its real-world utility in enhancing hazard awareness hinges entirely on concurrent, visible shop-floor enforcement and active supervisory reinforcement.

BackgroundDespite progressive disability policies in South Africa, the implementation of inclusive and accessible workplace standards within public healthcare facilities remains limited.ObjectiveThis study assessed the extent to which healthcare facilities in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) meet inclusion and accessibility standards for healthcare workers with disabilities.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted across ten purposively selected healthcare facilities at district, provincial, and national levels in KZN. Data were collected using a validated Disability Inclusion and Accessibility Self-Assessment Tool, which incorporated both facility measurements and administrative self-reports. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while open-ended responses underwent thematic analysis guided by Braun and Clarke's framework.ResultsFindings revealed variable compliance with inclusion and accessibility indicators. Only half of the facilities had anti-discrimination policies, and fewer than half provided accessible infrastructure or reasonable accommodation. Universal design compliance was inconsistent, particularly regarding ramps, signage, and emergency routes. Qualitative data highlighted structural barriers, budgetary limitations, and weak monitoring mechanisms.ConclusionThe study underscores a significant gap between policy and practice concerning disability inclusion in KZN healthcare facilities. Strengthened policy implementation, disability awareness, and targeted resource allocation are critical to achieving equitable participation for healthcare workers with disabilities.

BackgroundOrganisational ethical climate is relevant to nursing practice and employee outcomes, but its association with nurses' work performance has received limited attention, particularly in relation to job crafting.ObjectiveTo examine the associations between organisational ethical climate, job crafting, and work performance among nurses in Türkiye, and to assess whether job crafting statistically mediated the association between ethical climate and work performance.MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study included 204 nurses from a university hospital in Türkiye. Data were collected between June and September 2024 using the Organisational Ethical Climate Scale, the Job Crafting Scale, and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. Analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and the PROCESS macro v4.2.ResultsOrganisational ethical climate was positively correlated with job crafting (r = .359, p < .001) and work performance (r = .346, p < .001). Job crafting was also positively correlated with work performance (r = .503, p < .001). The indirect effect of ethical climate on work performance through job crafting was significant (ab = .096, 95% CI [.042, .176]). The direct effect remained significant (c' = .130, p = .004), indicating partial statistical mediation.ConclusionsA more positive ethical climate was associated with higher job crafting and better self-reported work performance. Job crafting statistically accounted for part of the association between ethical climate and work performance.

BackgroundThis scoping review examines health system resilience, shifting the focus to beyond crisis response to include everyday adaptation, governance, and transformative capabilities in universal health systems.ObjectivesDescribe and analyze health system resilience frameworks and their implications for health workers and work systems, identifying how resilience capacities are operationalized through work organization, staffing, and governance in public health settings.MethodsConsensus software was used as a decision-support tool for identifying and extracting insights from peer-reviewed studies, with inclusion decisions and synthesis validated by the authors.ResultsAnalyzing 19 studies (2019-2025), we identify five key resilience capacities: absorptive (maintaining core functions), adaptive (innovation and collaboration), transformative (structural change), governance/leadership (crisis coordination and policy stability), and resource management (surge capacity and steady supply). Resilience capacities were enacted through changes in work organization, workload distribution, and staffing flexibility, with direct implications for burnout, moral distress, and workforce sustainability.ConclusionsFindings highlight that resilience is not just about institutional capacity but also political, historical, and social contexts, with equitable governance and community engagement as critical enablers. The review calls for integrating frontline experiences, addressing systemic inequities, and fostering long-term system strengthening alongside emergency preparedness. The study underscores the need for frameworks that bridge theory and practice, ensuring resilience supports both acute shocks and chronic pressures in public health. By linking health system resilience to everyday work and work-system dynamics, this review contributes to research on work organization, prevention of work-related harm, and the design of more sustainable health work systems.

BackgroundWork-related stress is common among nurses, who are often particularly vulnerable to external factors. In Saudi Arabia, nurses face various demands related to recruitment, retention, and performance issues, which are often coupled with significant staff shortages, as well as having to manage the inherent perceived conflict in this region between nursing work and Saudi family culture.ObjectiveThis study seeks to explore nurses' experiences of and perspectives on daily work challenges in the context of Saudi Arabian healthcare.MethodsA phenomenological approach was used to analyse data from interviews with seven nurses currently working in Saudi Arabia.ResultsAnalysis of the study data revealed three main themes: experiences of extended work hours and scheduling changes, impacts on participants' social lives, and work demands and facilitation. Key stressors included role ambiguity, limited support, cultural expectations, inflexible scheduling, and unequal task distribution, which particularly affected female nurses.ConclusionsThe findings of this study highlight the need for a range of system-level reforms to support nurses' mental wellbeing and professional development, including limiting working hours, enhancing nurse-to-patient ratios, enforcing fairer scheduling, creating structured orientation programmes, and developing well-defined role-specific job descriptions. Addressing the issues identified in this study directly in such a manner must be seen as essential in order to create and maintain a resilient nursing workforce and to ensure high-quality patient care.

BackgroundThe rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into labour markets, migration governance, and social protection systems is increasingly reshaping how institutional decisions are produced, delegated, and enforced. While human-centric and ethics-based AI frameworks have established important normative principles, concerns regarding inequality, opacity, and accountability in AI-mediated decision-making continue to persist across labour-related environments.ObjectiveThis article examines why ethical approaches alone are insufficient to address the structural effects of AI once algorithmic systems become embedded within institutional governance architectures operating at scale.MethodsThe article draws on institutional and policy analysis, labour and migration governance literature, and illustrative examples of algorithmic decision-making in public-sector and labour-related systems.ResultsThe analysis conceptualises AI not merely as a technical tool, but as part of the operational infrastructure through which institutional visibility, discretion, prioritisation, and authority are organised. The article demonstrates how labour markets and migration governance function as "stress-test" domains in which continuous classification, automated risk assessment, worker scoring, and fragmented data environments can amplify existing structural inequalities. It further argues that human oversight frequently becomes procedural rather than substantive once algorithmic systems operate under conditions of scale, speed, and administrative complexity.ConclusionsThe article concludes that the governance challenges associated with AI in the world of work are not primarily ethical in nature, but institutional and architectural. Advancing fairness and accountability in AI-mediated environments therefore requires institutionally grounded governance architectures, meaningful contestability mechanisms, and enforceable operational oversight beyond ethics-first compliance frameworks.

BackgroundThe Paper and Paper Products Manufacturing Sector (PPMS) in Türkiye faces unique occupational health and safety (OHS) challenges, ranging from chemical exposures to heavy machinery hazards. Although OHS Law No. 6331 aimed to modernize the national safety framework, its specific impact on the PPMS remains to be fully quantified through long-term empirical data.ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Law No. 6331 within the PPMS by conducting a 22-year longitudinal analysis (2002-2023), specifically comparing accident frequency, severity, and probability rates between the pre-enactment and post-enactment periods.MethodsAccident rates (AFR, ASR, and APR) derived from Social Security Institution SGK data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Statistical evaluations included Shapiro-Wilk for normality, Independent Samples T-Tests for period comparisons, and Pearson Correlation for employment-accident relationships, with significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe findings reveal that while Law No. 6331 contributed to a 19% reduction in fatal accidents in the PPMS, non-fatal accidents increased by 178%, significantly driven by reporting formalization. Statistical analysis showed a significant rise in AFR and APR (p < 0.001), whereas ASR values remained stagnant (p = 0.918), indicating persistent injury severity. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.94) was identified between insured workforce expansion and total accidents.ConclusionThe study highlights that generic regulations fail to address the specific risks of the PPMS. To reduce persistent severity rates, we advocate for a shift from passive compliance to proactive systems, such as mandatory ISO 45001 certification and Safety by Design models.

BackgroundManual watering involves prolonged gripping, repetitive wrist motions, and static postures, potentially contributing to musculoskeletal disorders.ObjectiveTo design an ergonomic watering tool and compare its effects on upper-limb muscle activity with two conventional methods using surface electromyography (sEMG).MethodsFifteen healthy males performed standardized watering tasks using a garden hose, a commercial spray nozzle, and the novel ergonomic tool. sEMG was recorded from the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, upper trapezius, and wrist flexors. Amplitude-domain (RMS, mean, median, peak) and frequency-domain (MNF, MDF) parameters were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with post-hoc tests.ResultsNo significant differences were observed among conditions for the biceps, triceps, or trapezius (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were found for all wrist flexor parameters: RMS (F = 28.41, p < 0.001, η[2] = 0.686), mean amplitude (F = 27.49, p < 0.001, η[2] = 0.647), median amplitude (F = 19.04, p < 0.001, η[2] = 0.576), peak amplitude (F = 11.45, p = 0.001, η[2] = 0.417), MNF (F = 8.10, p = 0.002, η[2] = 0.366), and MDF (F = 17.25, p < 0.001, η[2] = 0.497). Post-hoc analyses indicated significantly lower wrist flexor activity with the ergonomic tool versus both conventional methods, with no differences between the hose and nozzle.ConclusionsThe ergonomic tool substantially reduced wrist flexor demand during laboratory tasks, likely through improved forearm support and load distribution. Field studies with agricultural workers and extended durations are needed before broader occupational recommendations can be made.