Quantitative NMR (qNMR) provides a direct approach for determining the absolute purity of pharmaceutical substances. In this study, 19F- and 1H-qNMR measurement conditions were systematically optimized and validated for three fluorinated pharmaceuticals listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia-fluorometholone (FM), flurbiprofen (FP), and flutamide (FT)-using interlaboratory data. Building on our prior experience with 31P-qNMR, careful selection of solvents and reference standards was emphasized. The aprotic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6) was employed to suppress proton-deuterium exchange, and the International System of Units (SI)-traceable certified reference material 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (3,5-BTFMBA) was used as the reference standard for both 19F- and 1H-qNMR. For 1H-qNMR of FT, sodium 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentanesulfonate-d6 (DSS-d6) was used as an alternative reference standard to avoid spectral overlap. Key qNMR parameters, including relaxation delay, spectral width, and pulse offset, were optimized. We then validated 19F-qNMR against the more established 1H-qNMR technique across multiple laboratories (n = 6-10). The average purity values determined by 19F-qNMR were 98.79 ± 0.62% (n = 7) or 98.62 ± 0.34% (n = 6) for FM, 99.84 ± 0.40% (n = 9) for FP, and 99.84 ± 0.48% (n = 9) for FT; these values were in good agreement with those determined by 1H-qNMR (99.23 ± 0.41% (n = 9), 100.04 ± 0.34% (n = 10), and 99.67 ± 0.38% (n = 10), respectively). Collectively, these results indicate that 19F-qNMR is a reliable and reproducible technique for absolute quantification of fluorinated pharmaceuticals, supporting its application in pharmaceutical quality control and regulatory assessment.

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by scaly plaques, erythema, and thick skin. Psoriasis management is complicated and multifaceted as this disease is linked to serious systemic consequences like infections, psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and psychological complications. In the current study, a mice model of psoriasis was established by topical application of 5% imiquimod (IMQ) cream on the shaved dorsal skin and left ear pinna of mice for 7 days. The animals in treatment groups were treated topically with different concentrations of clove oil (CO) (5, 10 and 20%), alone and in combination with flurbiprofen (FBR 5 and 10%), and betamethasone and salicylic acid combination (betasalic® ointment, a standard drug) for the next 7 days. Disease induction and treatment responses were assessed based on modified psoriasis area and severity index (modified PASI) score. On day 15, animals were euthanised, and blood and skin samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological analyses, along with a quantitative assessment of psoriasis-associated inflammatory gene expression using RT-qPCR techniques. Phytochemical tests were performed to detect total tannin, flavonoid, phenolic, and saponin contents of CO. CO 20% and FBR 5% combination and betasalic ointment treatments resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in erythema, scaling, and skin thickness with an overall modified PASI score of 4.5 ± 0.29 and 4.33 ± 0.33 when compared with the DC group (PASI score = 12 ± 00). Complete blood count analysis revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in total leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes counts in the CO 20% and FBR 5% combination and betasalic ointment treated groups as compared with DC group. Moreover, a significant decrease in the spleen-to-body weight index (SBWI) was observed in the CO 20% and FBR 5% combination and betasalic ointment treated groups as compared with SBWI of DC group, highlighting the potential immune regulatory properties of CO and FBR. Histopathological analysis of skin tissues revealed a significant improvement in epidermal architecture and a reduction in inflammatory cells infiltration in the treated groups. RT-qPCR analysis revealed down-regulation in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress-inducing genes. Phytochemical analyses confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, and saponins in the CO. Overall, these findings suggest that the clove oil-flurbiprofen combination has the potential to reduce skin inflammatory conditions possibly via modulation of oxidative and inflammatory pathways.

Three cobalt(II) and three zinc(II) complexes with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs fenoprofen, loxoprofen and flurbiprofen as ligands were synthesized and characterized with diverse techniques including single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The in vitro scavenging activity of the complexes against 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radicals and the ability to reduce H2O2 were studied in the context of the antioxidant activity studies. The complexes have shown significant activity towards H2O2. Antimicrobial testing against four bacteria revealed that the complexes were more active than free drugs. The complexes may interact with calf-thymus DNA via intercalation as revealed from the techniques employed. The affinity of the complexes for bovine and human serum albumins was evaluated by fluorescence emission spectroscopy and the corresponding binding constants revealed reversible binding to both albumins.

Objective: To investigate the effects of oliceridine versus sufentanil for anesthesia induction and postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 70 patients scheduled for elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia with planned postoperative PCIA at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, from September to December 2025. Patients were randomly assigned using a random number table to either the oliceridine group (Group O, n=35) or the sufentanil group (Group S, n=35). Group O received oliceridine for anesthesia induction and PCIA, while Group S received sufentanil; both groups received ondansetron and flurbiprofen axetil in combination. The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV within 48 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of nausea and vomiting during 0-<24 h and 24-48 h postoperatively, severity of nausea within 24 hours postoperatively [assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS), with a score≥4 defined as moderate-to-severe], the impact of PONV (assessed by the Myles simplified scale, with a score≥5 defined as clinically important PONV), postoperative pain numerical rating scale (NRS) scores, recovery parameters, and adverse events. Results: A total of 34 patients in Group O and 33 patients in Group S completed the study. The mean age was (39.3±9.2) years in Group O and (40.9±10.4) years in Group S, with no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups (all P>0.05). The incidence of PONV within 48 hours postoperatively was significantly lower in Group O than in Group S [35.3% (12/34) vs 66.7% (22/33), χ[2]=6.59, P=0.010]. Within the first 24 hours postoperatively, Group O had a lower incidence of nausea [29.4% (10/34) vs 66.7% (22/33), χ[2]=9.32, P=0.002] and a lower incidence of moderate-to-severe nausea [20.6% (7/34) vs 51.5% (17/33), χ[2]=6.97, P=0.008] compared to Group S. The incidence of clinically important PONV was lower in Group O than in Group S, but the difference was not statistically significant [2.9% (1/34) vs 18.2% (6/33), P=0.054]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in resting or movement NRS scores at any postoperative time point (all P>0.05), and no patient required rescue analgesia. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in awakening time, time to first flatus, or overall incidence of adverse events (all P>0.05). Conclusion: For patients at high risk of PONV undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery, oliceridine provides analgesic efficacy equivalent to sufentanil while significantly reducing the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting, with a favorable safety profile.