Menin inhibitors (MI) are promising targeted therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly in NPM1-mutated and KMT2A-rearranged disease. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MI-based therapy in adults with relapsed/refractory AML. A search of six databases through January 2026 identified 14 studies including 784 treated patients. Among response-evaluable cohorts (k = 22; n = 579), the pooled overall response rate (ORR) was 54.6% (95% CI 46.4-62.6; I2=63.5%). The pooled complete response (CR) rate was 29.3%, and CR+CRh was 28.5%. Combination therapy with MI plus hypomethylating agent and venetoclax produced higher CR (43.3% vs 19.5%; p = 0.002) and CR+CRh rates (48.6% vs 25.8%; p = 0.007) than monotherapy. Common adverse events included LFT elevation (38.7%), febrile neutropenia (33.6%), and diarrhea (28.8%). Differentiation syndrome occurred in 14.6%, and treatment-related mortality in 5.0%. MI-based therapy demonstrates meaningful activity in heavily pretreated AML, with deeper responses observed using combination strategies.

Rotavirus (RV) is one of the leading causes of acute viral gastroenteritis in young children and various neonatal animals worldwide, posing significant challenges to both public health and livestock production. Porcine rotavirus (PoRV) induces acute enteric infection in neonatal piglets, resulting in severe vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration, and is frequently associated with co-infections that disrupt gastrointestinal function and cause huge economic losses. At present, no specific antiviral therapy is available for PoRV infection, and vaccination remains the most cost-effective and widely used control measure, with piglets relying on maternally derived antibodies (MADs) for early protection. However, the complex and rapidly evolving PoRV genotypes confer limited cross-protection, and antigenic drift of circulating strains often leads to mismatch between vaccine strains and field isolates, preventing piglets from acquiring sufficient and effective maternal immunity. Therapeutic antibodies, characterized by rapid virus neutralization, target specificity, and immediate protective effects, represent a promising supplement to maternal antibodies, particularly for early intervention and blocking viral transmission. Given that oral administration mirrors the natural acquisition route of maternal antibodies and enables direct action at the intestinal mucosa, optimizing antibody engineering and targeted delivery systems is crucial for achieving effective mucosal neutralization. This review summarizes the major limitations of current PoRV immunoprophylaxis, proposes therapeutic antibody supplementation strategies, and highlights advances in antibody engineering, in vitro reconstruction, and oral delivery platforms. These insights provide a theoretical foundation and technical roadmap for overcoming PoRV immunization bottlenecks and strengthening the prevention and control of diarrheal diseases in the swine industry.

Rotavirus causes severe acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea-related mortality in children aged <5 years. Vaccination is an effective preventive strategy; however, no nationwide data on rotavirus vaccine coverage are available.

Semaglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), primarily used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and constipation, whereas liver function-related ADRs are relatively rare. We report a rare and severe case of semaglutide-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in a 47-year-old male patient who was successfully treated. The patient was admitted to the Department of Infectious Disease at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University on December 1, 2023. He had a history of chronic hepatitis B and had discontinued antiviral therapy for more than two years without medical supervision. Due to weight loss requirements, he initiated subcutaneous semaglutide therapy. Approximately three months after treatment initiation, he developed severe liver dysfunction, which rapidly progressed to profound jaundice, coagulopathy, and hepatic encephalopathy. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) was considered the primary precipitating factor of liver failure, and the final diagnosis was ACLF. Following confirmation of the diagnosis, semaglutide was discontinued, and comprehensive management, including hepatoprotective therapy, artificial liver support, plasma exchange, and liver transplantation, was implemented. The patient's clinical symptoms and liver function parameters improved significantly. This report describes the successful management of semaglutide-induced ACLF and reviews the relevant literature. For individuals with underlying chronic liver disease (e.g., chronic viral hepatitis), thorough baseline liver assessment should be performed prior to initiating semaglutide or similar agents. Close monitoring during treatment is essential to identify potential severe drug-induced liver injury at an early stage.

The incidence of Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis is increasing, with this bacterium being the leading cause of acute bacterial diarrhea. However, cardiac complications associated with C. jejuni remain rare. A 47-year-old man presented with sudden chest pain and shortness of breath. Echocardiography revealed pericardial tamponade and pleural effusion over time. Despite the patient having no prior gastrointestinal complaints, Campylobacter jejuni was identified in pericardial aspirates and stool samples by microbiological analysis. Exclusive pericarditis caused by C. jejuni remains an extremely rare complication. To date, the successful isolation of the pathogen from pericardial fluid has only been reported three times. Despite being immunocompetent, relevant bacteremia appears to be a likely cause of the infection. Isolated pericarditis is a rare but serious complication of Campylobacter jejuni infection. Regarding pathogenesis, direct bacterial invasion is becoming increasingly likely. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains must be considered when selecting a therapeutic regimen.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) typically presents with diarrhea in elderly or antibiotic-exposed patients. We report a 40-year-old immunocompetent man with alcohol use disorder who presented with abdominal pain and jaundice, rapidly progressing to refractory constipation and colonic dilation (14.7 cm) mimicking acute colonic pseudo-obstruction. Conservative management including bowel regimens and neostigmine (generally contraindicated in suspected toxic megacolon) were attempted. Colonoscopic decompression revealed cecal pseudomembranes whereas rest of colon was grossly normal. Stool testing showed discordant results that is, negative toxin enzyme immunoassay but positive stool polymerase chain reaction (Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing), supporting CDI in appropriate clinical context. Despite appropriate broad-spectrum antibiotics and emergent subtotal colectomy for fulminant disease with ischemic changes, he developed septic shock and multiorgan failure. This atypical, fulminant CDI presentation without diarrhea, initially mimicking acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, with isolated cecum and ileum involvement, underscores diagnostic pitfalls and need for early polymerase chain reaction/endoscopy in unexplained megacolon.

Chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced gastrointestinal injury is a common complication of cancer treatment and may present with diarrhea, abdominal pain, urgency, bloating, rectal bleeding, and reduced oral intake. Although many cases improve after treatment completion, some patients develop persistent or late bowel dysfunction that impairs nutrition, treatment tolerance, daily functioning, and quality of life. Conventional terms such as toxicity, mucositis, and enteritis are clinically useful, but they do not fully capture the problem of incomplete functional recovery. We propose a practical recovery-oriented framework that operationalizes meaningful recovery across four interconnected domains: structural recovery, barrier recovery, clinical recovery, and patient-centered recovery. Using this framework, we summarize the acute-to-chronic clinical spectrum of luminal gastrointestinal injury, examine mechanisms of failed recovery, review clinical assessment and management, and discuss emerging strategies including biomarker-guided monitoring, microbiome-directed interventions, organoid-based platforms, and regenerative therapies. Current care remains largely supportive and symptom-centered. A recovery-oriented model may improve clinical decision-making by integrating symptom trajectory, nutritional status, treatment tolerance, patient-reported burden, and selected biological signals to better monitor and restore gastrointestinal function.