Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a chronic airway disease that occurs in both children and adults. It is caused by the human papillomavirus, more than 90% by HPV types 6 and HPV 11. The clinical presentation is nonspecific and most patients present with hoarseness, stridor or dyspnea. Although there is no definitive treatment, the objective focuses on improving voice quality and maintaining airway patency, in our case it was achieved through the placement of a Y-shaped stent placed in airway added to adjuvant treatment with Bevacizumab. Surgical management is the mainstay of treatment and around 20% of patients benefit from adjuvant therapies.

Chordomas are rare malignant tumors arising from remnants of the embryonic notochord. They are slow-growing but locally aggressive. They most frequently occur in the sacrococcygeal and skull base regions, while cervical spine involvement is rare. Their proximity to critical neurovascular structures makes diagnosis and management challenging. We report the case of a 62-year-old man presenting with a progressive left cervical mass, dysphonia, and a foreign body sensation in the lower neck. Clinical examination revealed a firm, immobile cervical swelling with mild displacement of adjacent laryngeal structures. MRI demonstrated a large, destructive osteolytic lesion centered at the C6 vertebra, suggestive of chordoma. Surgical treatment was performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed a conventional chordoma. The postoperative course was uneventful, with no neurological deficit. Chordoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of aggressive cervical spine lesions, particularly at atypical lower cervical levels. Multimodal imaging is essential for diagnosis, surgical planning, and assessment of tumor extent.

Background: Cetuximab-based therapies continue to play an important role in the management of recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) despite the increasing use of immunotherapy. However, data regarding treatment outcomes and prognostic factors remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes and prognostic factors associated with survival in patients with R/M HNSCC treated with cetuximab-based regimens. Methods: This retrospective single-center cohort study included patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC who received cetuximab-based systemic therapy at the Department of Medical Oncology, Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, between May 2012 and September 2025. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and PET/CT data were retrospectively analyzed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Prognostic factors associated with survival were evaluated using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Results: A total of 57 patients were included in the study. The median age was 65 years, and 91.2% of patients were male. Most patients had ECOG performance status 0-1 (94.7%) and stage IV disease (71.9%). The larynx was the most common primary tumor site (50.9%), while distant lymph node metastasis (63.2%) and lung metastasis (61.4%) were the predominant metastatic sites. Median PFS and OS were 4.6 months and 13.8 months, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with a body mass index (BMI) > 25 had longer OS, whereas chronic kidney disease (CKD), primary tumor localization, and best response to first-line treatment were significantly associated with survival. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, chronic kidney disease (CKD) (HR: 5.15, p = 0.004), oral cavity primary tumor localization (HR: 2.55, p = 0.013), progressive disease as the best response to first-line treatment (HR: 4.44, p < 0.001) and the absence of grade 1-2 cetuximab-related dermatologic toxicity (HR: 3.20, p = 0.027) remained independent adverse prognostic factors. BMI was not independently associated with survival in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: Cetuximab-based therapy demonstrated clinically meaningful activity in patients with R/M HNSCC. Comorbidities, primary tumor localization, the absence of grade 1-2 cetuximab-related dermatologic toxicity and treatment response appear to substantially influence survival outcomes. Larger prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) comprises a heterogeneous group of tumours, most often of squamous cell origin, characterized by both high morbidity and mortality rates. It is the seventh most common form of cancer diagnosed in humans, accounting for approximately 4.7% of all cancers. Among HNCs, neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is predicted to become the most common form of human cancer. Some sources include oesophagus (ESCC) in this group due to their similar histology, being described as upper aerodigestive tract cancers (UADT). Unfortunately, 60-70% of cases are diagnosed late, i.e., at clinical stages III-IV. As a result, despite modern surgical techniques and oncological treatments, the survival rate remains below 40-60% due to frequent lymph node metastases and local tumour recurrence. There is a growing concern that diet and inflammatory dietary components may influence the initiation and development of HNSCC. The inflammatory potential of diets can be quantified by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). The DII was derived from an analysis of 45 dietary constituents that either increase or decrease inflammation. Several recent clinical studies have noted a significant relationship between DII score and many inflammation-associated chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes, and the incidence of various human cancers, i.e., prostate, ovarian, breast, colorectal cancer, and HNC. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between DII and HNSCC, with most being limited to observational, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to present the substantial oncological aspects of DII, discuss the use of DII and its modification, the Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII), as indicators of HNSCC risk. It also introduces key diet-induced pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms and the cellular molecular signalling pathways determining the carcinogenesis of HNSCC. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current literature, including key opinion-forming systematic reviews, as well as molecular, observational, cross-sectional and case-control studies, all of which are accessible via scholarly databases such as PubMed/EMBASE/Web of Science. Thus, the work serves as a compendium of up-to-date knowledge on the relationship between DII/ED-II score and HNSCC etiopathogenesis and the influence of a diet-induced persistent inflammatory microenvironment.

Laryngeal cancer requires precise and minimally invasive therapeutic strategies to preserve critical physiological functions. Herein, an oxygen-embedded fused-ring organic semiconductor (COi8FIC) was reported, which is formulated into multifunctional nanoparticles for near-infrared (NIR)-triggered multimodal phototherapy. The incorporation of oxygen atoms into the conjugated backbone, together with fluorinated cyanoindanone end-groups, narrows the bandgap to 1.35 eV and enhances intramolecular charge transfer, thereby promoting non-radiative decay and intersystem crossing. As a result, COi8FIC nanoparticles exhibit a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 62% and generate multiple reactive oxygen species (•OH, O2-, and 1O2) via synergistic Type I and Type II photodynamic pathways. In vitro, the nanoparticles produce approximately 2.5-fold higher ROS levels than monotherapies. In vivo, NIR irradiation induces rapid hyperthermia (ΔT ca. 23.6 °C), resulting in a tumor growth inhibition rate of 93.3%. Tumor regression was observed in all treated mice, with complete tumor eradication in three of five mice and near-complete elimination in the remaining two, with no significant irreversible organ damage. These results highlight the potential of this system as a promising platform for multimodal phototherapy of laryngeal cancer.

Transoral endoscopic surgery, using either conventional laser techniques or supported by robotic assistance, represents an established treatment modality for selected patients with T2-T3 laryngeal carcinoma. The goal is complete tumor removal, as positive resection margins have been associated with worse oncological outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the positive margin rate following transoral endoscopic surgery for T2-T3 laryngeal carcinoma and to evaluate its impact on oncologic outcomes.

Evidence regarding the role of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in glottic squamous cell carcinoma (GLSCC) remains limited. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the surgical, functional, and oncologic outcomes of TORS for GLSCC through a patient-level analysis. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library through 31 May 2026. Surgical, functional, and oncologic outcomes were extracted, and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed when patient-level follow-up data were available. Fifteen studies including 134 patients were analyzed, comprising 91 robotic cordectomies, 21 robotic partial laryngectomies, and 22 robotic total laryngectomies. Robotic cordectomy was associated with short operative times (20.0 ± 10.8 min), minimal blood loss (13.2 ± 9.0 mL), and a low conversion rate (2.2%). Temporary tracheostomy, and feeding tube dependence occurred in 4.4%, and 12.4%, respectively. Robotic partial laryngectomy demonstrated favorable functional outcomes, with successful decannulation and feeding tube removal reported in all available cases. Five-year local control, disease-specific survival, and overall survival following robotic cordectomy were 86.5%, 97.5%, and 93.6%, respectively. In the robotic total laryngectomy cohort, 5-year local, regional, and distant disease control rates exceeded 90%, although oncologic outcomes for robotic partial laryngectomy could not be reliably assessed because of insufficient follow-up data. TORS appears to be a feasible treatment option for selected patients with GLSCC, providing encouraging surgical, functional, and oncologic outcomes. However, the available evidence remains limited to small retrospective studies, and larger comparative investigations are needed to better define its role in clinical practice.