Nasolabial cysts are rare non-odontogenic, extraosseous cystic lesions that commonly present as unilateral submucosal masses in the nasolabial fold, accounting for 0.7% of all non-odontogenic cysts. These lesions are a form of retention cyst. Bilateral presentations are extremely rare. They are typically slow-growing, painless swellings that cause cosmetic deformity and nasal obstruction. Diagnosis is largely clinical, supplemented by radiological and histopathological evaluation. They are managed surgically. We report a case of a young female who presented with a history of gradual, painless upper lip swelling and bilateral nasal obstruction following trauma. Clinical examination and radiological findings were indicative of bilateral nasolabial cysts. The patient underwent excision of the bilateral cysts, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis.

Primary tracheal malignancies are rare, and nonpulmonary metastasis to the trachea is exceedingly rare. Computed tomography (CT) imaging may not detect small or submucosal lesions, especially if performed without contrast. We present a rare case of metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma to the trachea and left mainstem bronchus 10 years after the initial cancer diagnosis. A 75-year-old man presented with a one-month history of globus sensation, a perception of an object ball-valving in his chest, and the ability to produce an audible noise with forced exhalation. He had a history of stage IV (T3N0) colon cancer that was diagnosed 10 years prior. He subsequently underwent a right colectomy and was disease-free for five years, at which time he had an isolated pulmonary metastasis. A left upper lobectomy was performed. A flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy was performed in the office, and a small, nonraised epiglottic lesion was observed. The reported audible noise upon exhalation was also appreciated. CT chest imaging revealed an intraluminal tracheal lesion. The patient was taken to the operating room for a microsuspension direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy with biopsies. Three tracheal and left mainstem bronchus lesions were removed and final pathology demonstrated moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Although extraordinarily rare, tracheal malignancies and metastases should remain in the differential during the workup of a patient with globus sensation. Additionally, further workup with imaging and direct visualization in the operating room is of the utmost importance in patients with a history of malignancy.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia. While MS can involve various organs, isolated involvement of the nasal cavity or breast is uncommon, and the sequential involvement of both sites in a single patient is extremely rare. We present the case of a 68-year-old female who developed an MS relapse in the right breast 6 years after being treated for primary MS of the right nasal cavity. In 2018, she presented with a right nasal mass, initially suspected clinically to be a polyp. Histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses confirmed MS. She achieved complete remission following localized radiotherapy and cytarabine-based systemic chemotherapy. After a six-year disease-free interval, she presented in 2025 with a painful right breast nodule. Initial imaging indicated a primary breast malignancy (BI-RADS 4B). However, postoperative IHC analysis, demonstrating myeloperoxidase (MPO) positivity, confirmed an extramedullary relapse of MS. The patient was subsequently treated with further chemotherapy and hypofractionated radiotherapy. This case highlights that extramedullary MS can perfectly mimic primary solid tumors both clinically and morphologically. It emphasizes the critical role of a comprehensive immunohistochemical panel, particularly the inclusion of myeloid-specific markers, in differentiating MS from poorly differentiated carcinomas. Such pathological vigilance is indispensable for avoiding catastrophic diagnostic pitfalls and preventing inappropriate surgical interventions in patients presenting with atypical extramedullary masses.

Substantial evidence indicates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive breast cancer (BRC) initiation, progression, therapy resistance, recurrence and metastasis. Evaluating drug efficacy against patient-derived CSCs can advance precision oncology. However, high-throughput isolation of functional CSCs from small clinical samples remains challenging. Tumoursphere formation, arising from the clonal expansion of a single cancer cell, is a standard in vitro method for CSC assay and enrichment. Here we show a microwell cell-chip culture platform that enables rapid, high-throughput generation of uniform micro-tumourspheres (MTSs) from limited BRC specimens, such as puncture biopsies, facilitating functional CSC enrichment and personalized drug testing within 8 days. Single-cell transcriptomics and limiting dilution tumour initiation assay confirm that MTSs recapitulate CSC functionality, uniformity and heterogeneity. MTSs predicted clinical outcomes in 16 patients with BRC with ~93.8% accuracy, underscoring their translational potential for personalized drug testing. Overall, this platform provides a robust tool for CSC-targeted precision medicine.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise in the treatment of melanoma brain metastases but are limited by CD73/adenosine axis-mediated immune evasion. Directly targeting CD73 with antibodies faces challenges due to poor blood-brain barrier permeability and metabolic regulators within the tumor microenvironment (IL-17-driven HIF-1α/VEGF-A). To overcome these barriers, we developed a nose-to-brain delivery platform using glycerol as a mucosal penetration enhancer to codeliver anti-IL-17 and anti-CD73 antibodies. Glycerol reversibly opened nasal epithelial tight junction proteins, enhancing the brain delivery of anti-IL-17 and anti-CD73 antibodies by 19.4- and 17.1-fold, respectively, while minimizing systemic exposure. Critically, anti-IL-17 attenuated CD73/adenosine axis-mediated immune evasion, significantly boosting anti-CD73 targeting efficacy. Ultimately, this combination promoted CD8[+] T cell activation and residency, pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization, and reduced Treg cell infiltration, thereby eliciting a strong antitumor effect. Our results establish an efficient nose-to-brain delivery platform for macromolecules and propose a therapeutic strategy for tumors using anti-IL-17 to overcome TME-imposed limitations in CD73-targeted immunotherapy.

This study documents the first confirmed case of JSRV-associated nasal adenocarcinoma in a goat through a comprehensive analysis combining histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular techniques.An autopsy was conducted on a 12-month-old goat exhibiting progressive nasal obstruction. Tissue samples from the nasal mass were examined histologically using H&E staining. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed to detect JSRV capsid protein expression and to assess cellular proliferation markers (Ki-67 and PCNA). Molecular screening via PCR was carried out using primers specific for JSRV, ENTV-1, ENTV-2. The JSRV-positive PCR amplicon was sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis.PCR analysis confirmed the presence of JSRV proviral DNA (385 bp) in the tumor tissue, while results for ENTV-1 and ENTV-2 were negative. Histopathological examination identified a mixed glandular adenocarcinoma arising from the surface and glandular epithelium, with evidence of turbinate bone invasion. IHC revealed multifocal positivity for JSRV capsid antigen and indicated a high proliferation index (30-35%). Phylogenetic analysis classified the detected viral strain within the exogenous JSRV group. The infected goat originated from a herd with no documented contact with sheep.This case provides the first conclusive evidence of JSRV-induced nasal adenocarcinoma in a goat, indicating a potential expansion of the virus's host and tissue tropism. These findings highlight the necessity for further investigation into the viral envelope-receptor interactions and promoter elements that govern JSRV tropism.

This study characterized a cohort of 52 cases of HPV-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC) from Latin America, integrating clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, HPV genotyping, and prognostic data. HMSC predominantly arose in the nasal cavity (n=20/38.46%) of patients in their sixth decade, with equal sex distribution (n=26/50%) and frequent symptomatic presentation. Histopathologically, all tumors displayed epithelial surface dysplasia (n=52/100%). Most cases featured solid proliferations (n=25/48.08%) of basaloid cells (n=46/88.46%), with frequent tumor necrosis (n=41/75.85%). Perineural (n=5/9.62%) and vascular invasion (n=3/5.77%) were uncommon. Most patients underwent surgical excision (n=19/46.34%). Recurrence occurred in 15 of 42 cases (35.71%), although the majority remained disease-free at last follow-up (n=35/85.37%). Immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse p16 expression and variable positivity for squamous and myoepithelial markers. The Ki-67 proliferation index was high overall (median 50.1 [30.7 to 66.3]). HPV genotyping identified HPV 33 as the predominant subtype (n=34/65.38%), with a subset of cases demonstrating coinfections (n=9/17.30%). Survival analysis revealed excellent outcomes (5 y OS, DSS, and DFS at 90.1%, 89.7%, and 82.4%, respectively), although regional and distant metastases and HPV coinfections correlated with poorer survival. Our findings underscore the necessity of individual-subtype-specific HPV genotyping to characterize HMSC pathogenesis and refine prognostic stratification accurately.

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the nasal cavity is extremely rare and aggressive, particularly in pediatric and adolescent patients. We report the case of a 17-year-old Moroccan male presenting with intermittent unilateral nasal obstruction. Endoscopy revealed a vascular-appearing mass in the left nasal fossa, which was excised. Histopathological analysis supported by immunohistochemistry confirmed high-grade SCNEC, with a Ki-67 index of 90% and diffuse expression of chromogranin and synaptophysin. Imaging demonstrated no metastatic disease, and the tumor was staged as pT1N0M0 (Stage I). The patient subsequently underwent adjuvant chemoradiotherapy beyond the initial excisional biopsy. At 12 months of follow-up, no recurrence was detected. This case highlights the importance of early detection and illustrates that organ-preserving, multimodal non-surgical management can achieve disease control in early-stage nasal SCNEC in adolescents.