Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia (E.) coli are highly prevalent in dairy calves. In calf housing, the feeding equipment can function as a reservoir, thereby constituting a risk factor for the dissemination of ESBL-E. coli. The aim of this present study was to determine if ESBL-E. coli can be detected on the inner surface of teat buckets for calves and to evaluate if an automatic wash system specifically designed for teat buckets is suitable to eliminate existing ESBL-E. coli from the surfaces. Fecal samples from calves (aged three to 14 days) and teat swabs (before and after cleaning) on two farms were analyzed. Prior to cleaning, nipple contamination was detected on both farms on different levels. Automated cleaning significantly reduced contamination (P < 0.001). Whole-genome sequencing revealed close genetic similarities between fecal and nipple isolates, indicating transmission between calves and feeding equipment. Although the automatic cleaning significantly reduced bacterial contamination in teat buckets, ESBL-E. coli were detected in all calves (40/40), suggesting additional farm-level transmission routes.

Nipple reconstruction following total mastectomy with breast reconstruction is often a crucial final step in restoring natural breast aesthetics and improving patient self-image. Among available techniques, the C-V flap is widely utilized due to its technical simplicity, reliability, and high patient satisfaction rates. However, lasting nipple projection is limited by its reliance on subcutaneous fat to fill dead space beneath the elevated flaps. To address this limitation, implants - such as synthetic or biologic cylindrical grafts - have demonstrated long-term maintenance of cosmetic outcomes. Despite improved nipple projection, inserts are associated with a higher risk of complications, including graft extrusion or exposure, necrosis, and wound dehiscence. Furthermore, some patients may desire optimal cosmesis while declining implants for financial considerations or personal preference. In this technical report, we describe a novel modification of the C-V flap that uses de-epithelialized, vascularized dermal V flaps to provide internal structural support and maintain nipple projection following implant-based breast reconstruction after total mastectomy.