BackgroundFutibatinib, a novel FGFR inhibitor, is a promising therapy for cancers with FGFR alterations. However, its safety profile remains under investigation. This study evaluates futibatinib-associated adverse events using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).MethodsA retrospective pharmacovigilance analysis was conducted using FAERS data from January 1, 2013, to March 9, 2025. Disproportionality analysis was performed via OpenVigil 2.1, with signals defined by a reporting odds ratio (ROR) > 2.00 and a 95% confidence interval lower bound >1.00. Events with at least two reports were included after deduplication and standardization.ResultsStrong safety signals were identified. Hyperphosphatasemia showed the highest association (ROR 1612.73; 6 events), followed by elevated blood phosphorus (ROR 603.85; 3 events). Dermatologic toxicities, including onycholysis (ROR 520.15) and onychoclasis (ROR 126.20), were also notable.ConclusionThese findings highlight the range of adverse events associated with this agent. These events may reflect direct drug effects and individual variability. Further studies are needed to clarify mechanisms and inform clinical management.

Green nail syndrome (GNS) is classically characterized by a triad of green nail discoloration, paronychia, and onycholysis. Although Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the primary etiologic agent, infections involving co-pathogens are uncommon and pose considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the absence of standardized management guidelines. We herein report a rare case of GNS caused by a co-infection with P. aeruginosa and the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) in a woman with a history of manicures and frequent domestic exposure to water and detergents. The diagnosis was confirmed through bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Targeted therapy involving a combination of oral and topical levofloxacin, guided by the antimicrobial susceptibility profile, resulted in the successful resolution of the infection. This case underscores the critical importance of microbiological identification for guiding effective treatment of non-classical GNS and demonstrates the efficacy of tailored antibiotic regimens in managing complex co-infections.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic, recurrent inflammatory disease, yet its accompanying nail abnormalities have long received insufficient attention. The clinical characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and assessment systems for nail dystrophy in AD remain unclear. AD-associated nail dystrophy can manifest in various forms, including Beau's lines, nail pitting, koilongchia, trachyonychia, leukonychia, brachyonychia, melanoychia, onychomadesis, onychoschizia, onycholysis, and paronychia. Current treatments face limitations such as slow onset of action and uncertain efficacy with traditional therapies, particularly with limited drug options for the pediatric populations. With the deepening of research into the Th2 inflammatory pathway, biologics such as dupilumab have shown therapeutic potential. Through retrospective analysis, this paper presents the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in five pediatric AD patients with nail dystrophy under 12 years old. After at least 12 weeks of treatment, their skin lesions and nail dystrophy both showed marked improvement. Additionally, we reviewed four reported cases in the literature of adult AD patients with nail dystrophy who experienced significant improvement in nail changes after dupilumab treatment. These results suggest that dupilumab may be an effective treatment for nail dystrophy in AD. This case series provides the first evidence demonstrating the significant efficacy of dupilumab for nail dystrophy in pediatric AD patients. However, further large-scale prospective studies are still needed to better guide clinical practice.

Acrylate allergic contact dermatitis is a growing concern, particularly among women exposed to nail cosmetics as consumers or professionals. Not all nail products carry equal risk. Repeated exposure to acrylates or improper curing can lead to symptoms resembling other forms of allergic contact dermatitis. Onycholysis is one common symptom that can be painful and slow to heal. Treatment of acrylate allergic contact dermatitis centers on acrylate avoidance and selection of alternative nail beautification methods. Nurses are positioned to educate and advocate for nail professionals, who are often marginalized and at heightened risk due to prolonged exposure and limited access to workplace protections. Nurses can also provide education on strict product avoidance, coach on nail care strategies, and provide emotional support.

Pigmented squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) of the nail unit is an uncommon condition that can mimic benign entities. Clinically, pSCC can present as longitudinal melanonychia, onycholysis, or verrucous plaques, potentially leading to diagnostic delays. The pigmented variant is particularly challenging to diagnose, as it may be mistaken for benign melanocytic lesions. Histologically, pSCC demonstrates atypical keratinocyte proliferation with pigmentation, and immunohistochemical analysis is crucial to exclude melanocytic involvement. This case report describes a 25-year-old immunocompetent female with Fitzpatrick type IV skin who presented with progressive nail discoloration and sensitivity of the right thumb, persisting for approximately one year. Despite the absence of a personal or family history of skin malignancy, clinical evaluation and subsequent biopsy revealed focal pSCC in situ with wart-like histopathological features, including full-thickness epithelial atypia, papillomatosis, hypergranulosis, and keratohyalin granule formation. The patient was referred to Moh's micrographic surgery. This case underscores the importance of maintaining a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating persistent or evolving nail pigmentation, especially in patients without classic risk factors. The wart-associated histological changes suggest a possible link to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, warranting further investigation into viral oncogenesis in nail unit SCC. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for atypical presentations, particularly in cases with progressive changes and associated pain, to ensure timely diagnosis and optimal management.

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare disorder that consists of a clinical triad of thickened yellow nails, lymphedema, and recurring respiratory symptoms. These findings can occur simultaneously or additively, and the characteristic nail changes are an obligatory feature for the diagnosis. The diagnosis of YNS is one of exclusion, and although it is more often an isolated condition, it can occur secondary to immune or neoplastic disorders. Involvement of the respiratory tract occurs in most cases and has a diverse clinical presentation, including pleural effusion and recurrent pneumonia. Due to the rarity of this syndrome and the limited availability of effective treatments, YNS remains associated with substantial morbidity. We present a case of a 58-year-old woman who had a history of recurrent pneumonia, chronic sinusitis, arthralgias, and yellow dystrophic nails that was diagnosed with YNS, and in which daily supplementation with vitamin E resulted in a remarkable clinical improvement.

Physical trauma is the most common cause of toenail onychodystrophy, surpassing onychomycosis. Ill-fitting footwear and anatomical foot/toe abnormalities, including Morton's toe, hallux valgus/erectus/rigidus, and flat and splay foot, predispose the forefoot to nonphysiologic strain and toenail alterations, often resembling onychomycosis. Dystrophic toenails should therefore be assessed alongside foot and toe alignment while standing and walking, with close examination of footwear. Trauma-induced onychodystrophy predisposes to secondary onychomycosis, and histopathologic/mycologic confirmation is needed. Moreover, anatomic foot/toe abnormalities may worsen nail psoriasis through koebnerization. Thus, toenails may still appear dystrophic after treating comorbid conditions if the precipitating factor is not addressed or cannot be successfully treated. Additional nail disorders induced by mechanical trauma include subungual heloma, onychophosis, frictional onycholysis, leukonychia, melanonychia, Beau's lines/onychomadesis/retronychia, and disappearing nail bed. Additionally, arthritic conditions affecting the distal interphalangeal joint may theoretically impact the adjacent nail matrix and cause nail alterations. Hyperglycemia, neuropathy, and vasculopathy likely play a role in the pathogenesis of onychodystrophies in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients are prone to developing structural foot/toe problems, onychomycosis, and ingrown toenails (onychocryptosis), which increase their risk of ulcer formation. Therefore, treating onychomycosis and onychocryptosis in diabetic patients is crucial to prevent complications, including ulcers, osteomyelitis, and amputations.