ObjectiveRapid Eye Movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterised by the loss of normal skeletal muscle atonia during REM sleep, leading to the enactment of dreams through complex motor behaviors such as talking, shouting, or violent movements that may result in injury. Emerging evidence suggests that antidepressants may be associated with RBD. This study reviewed the existing literature on the demographic and clinical features of patients with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) taking antidepressants, as well as the reported associations between antidepressant use and RBD.MethodsA comprehensive search strategy was implemented using the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews framework. Eligible study designs included cohort, cross-sectional, observational, randomised controlled trials, and case reports. Searches were conducted on Science Direct and PubMed for studies published between 1957 and 2025. Search terms included "REM sleep behavior disorder," "dream enactment behavior," "antidepressants," "SSRIs," "SNRIs," and "TCAs." The scoping review protocol was pre-registered on the Open Science Framework.ResultsTitle and abstract screening yielded 650 studies, with 16 studies meeting the inclusion criteria after full-text review. Data from 500 patients indicated a male predominance (70.2%), with a mean age of 53.9 years. Depression was the most common comorbidity (8 studies). SSRIs were most frequently associated with RBD (in 8 studies), followed by SNRIs (6 studies) and TCAs (6 studies).ConclusionAntidepressant-associated RBD is an emerging clinical concern requiring greater recognition and monitoring to enhance treatment outcomes. A clearer understanding of these relationships will ultimately improve risk stratification, patient counseling, and individualized treatment strategies in clinical settings.

Objectives: The importance of sleep disturbance as a component of supportive care in pediatric oncology has recently been recognized, but the characteristics of sleep for this particular disease category have yet to be elucidated. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 54 pediatric patients diagnosed with leukemia or lymphoma and 56 age- and sex-matched clinically stable children attending routine pediatric hematology outpatient follow-up for benign hematological conditions. Sleep was assessed using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Global and domain-specific sleep scores were compared. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify correlates of global sleep disturbance, including parental educational attainment. Within the patient group, recent hospitalization and corticosteroid exposure were modeled separately because of strong collinearity. Results: Patients had higher global CSHQ scores than the comparison group (53.56 ± 8.28 vs. 49.07 ± 8.09, p = 0.005; Cohen's d = 0.55). Differences were most evident in sleep anxiety and parasomnias (exploratory subscale findings), whereas sleep duration did not differ significantly. In the whole-sample model, patient status (B = 4.16, p = 0.006) and higher parental educational attainment (B = -2.13, p < 0.001) were independently associated with global sleep disturbance. Within the patient group, recent hospitalization was the strongest clinical correlate of sleep burden (B = 11.18, p < 0.001; R[2] = 0.433). Corticosteroid exposure was associated with higher sleep disturbance only in models excluding hospitalization. Conclusions: Children with leukemia and lymphoma showed a selective parent-reported sleep disturbance pattern characterized mainly by sleep anxiety and parasomnias rather than reduced sleep duration. Recent hospitalization and parental educational attainment appear to be important correlates of sleep burden in pediatric hematology-oncology care.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and RLS-like symptoms are frequently reported in Parkinson's disease (PD), but whether this clinical overlap reflects shared biology or convergent symptom expression remains uncertain. We performed an exploratory comparative analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell RNA-seq data from 17 drug-free patients with RLS and 60 patients with PD, most of whom were receiving dopaminergic treatment. Because the two cohorts were derived from independent datasets and no healthy control group was included, all findings were interpreted as relative PD-versus-RLS differences rather than disease-specific alterations. Differential expression and pathway analyses identified broad transcriptomic separation between the two groups. Genes with relatively higher expression in PD than RLS included transcripts related to dopamine metabolism, tetrahydrobiopterin biology, iron transport, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signaling, whereas genes with relatively higher expression in RLS than PD involved iron/ferroptosis-related biology, GPCR-mediated signaling, synaptic modulation, and circadian-related pathways. These results suggest that peripheral blood transcriptomics may help generate hypotheses on the biological heterogeneity underlying RLS-like symptoms in PD. However, because of treatment imbalance, cohort differences, batch-group confounding, absence of healthy controls, and the use of PBMCs as a peripheral tissue, the findings should be considered hypothesis-generating and require independent validation.

Disorders of arousal from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep are characterized by complex behaviors arising from incomplete awakenings. These behaviors can occasionally involve sophisticated motor actions and interactions with the environment. We report an apparently previously unreported case of a patient who repeatedly took photographs with a smartphone during somnambulistic episodes. A woman with lifelong NREM parasomnia presented with frequent sleepwalking episodes that worsened after the onset of irregular shift work. During clinical evaluation, she reported that she occasionally took photographs during nocturnal episodes. She subsequently provided 77 smartphone photographs taken between 2018 and 2026. Twenty-seven images were completely dark, whereas 50 photographs contained identifiable objects. Many photographs showed poor framing, motion blur, prominent light sources, or light-shadow contrasting patterns. In several images, the patient's hand appeared within the frame, suggesting directed attention toward specific objects. The timestamps of the photographs clustered during the first half of the night sleep, typical for periods of NREM parasomnia occurrence. The patient was able to partially recall the dream content of the photo shooting episodes. In-lab video-polysomnography demonstrated repeated awakenings from N3 sleep, supporting the diagnosis of a disorder of arousal. This case illustrates an apparently previously unreported form of goal-directed behavior during sleepwalking. Although the photographic behavior was not directly documented during video-polysomnography, the temporal pattern, clinical presentation, and objective photographic evidence support its occurrence during parasomnia episodes. The findings provide insight into the interaction between dream mentation, environmental stimuli, and complex motor behavior during incomplete arousal, and suggest that highly automatized technology-mediated behaviors may become incorporated into the behavioral spectrum of NREM parasomnias.

Insomnia symptoms reported in sleep bruxism may partly reflect circadian misalignment rather than insomnia disorder per se, highlighting the need to integrate chronobiological assessment into both bruxism research and clinical practice.