ACCORDING TO THIS STUDY.

Variations in the anatomy of the piriformis muscle hold clinical significance because of their potential impact on sciatic nerve compression and piriformis syndrome. This case report documents a rare anatomical variation in which the piriformis muscle had two heads of origin and three muscle bellies, each with an independent tendon, identified during cadaveric dissection. This tripartite variant has implications for diagnosis, management, and surgical procedures involving the gluteal region.

Radiation-induced peripheral neuropathy (RIPN) is a well-known late adverse effect of radiotherapy (RT) in humans, but to date, is not reported in companion animals. An 11-year-old spayed female beagle was presented for evaluation regarding a progressive left sciatic neuropathy. The dog had received stereotactic RT (20 Gy) following excision of a grade 2 soft tissue sarcoma over the proximo-caudal aspect of the left thigh approximately 19 months prior to the onset of signs. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the left sciatic nerve was consistent with RIPN, and histopathology of the sciatic nerve supported severe nerve fiber loss. No improvement was observed with an anti-inflammatory course of corticosteroids, and the affected limb was subsequently amputated.

To identify which functional domains show the greatest improvement in patients with foot drop (FD) due to common peroneal nerve (CPN) injury treated with tibialis posterior tendon transfer (TPTT).

Sciatica is a common condition in middle-aged and older adults, typically presenting as unilateral low back and buttock pain radiating down the posterior leg. Additional symptoms may include paresthesia and weakness. Common causes include disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, vertebral fractures, and, more rarely, congenital stenosis or tumors. Patients frequently report inciting events such as heavy lifting. Initial evaluation includes radiographs to assess bony abnormalities, while magnetic resonance imaging remains the gold standard for identifying nerve root compression. Most cases resolve within 3 months with activity modification alone. Conservative management, such as physical therapy, oral medications, and epidural steroid injections, may be pursued for persistent symptoms, while surgery is reserved for progressive neurological deficits or significant functional impairment. Through multidisciplinary collaboration, orthopedic nurses play a key role in educating patients on proper biomechanics, managing symptoms, and monitoring for specific signs and symptoms that may indicate more serious pathology.

Metabolic and bariatric surgery achieves durable weight loss and meaningful improvement in obesity-related comorbidities yet carries a risk of neurological complications that remains under-recognised in routine clinical practice. This systematic review, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024591611) and conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, searched MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL and Cochrane databases through September 2023 to evaluate the incidence, spectrum, timing, pathophysiology and management of post-operative neurological complications. Twelve studies comprising over 5000 patients were included. Reported incidence ranged from 1.4% to 16%, with peripheral neuropathy the most frequent manifestation. Mononeuropathies, particularly carpal tunnel syndrome, were prominent in several cohorts, while central complications including Wernicke encephalopathy occurred less commonly but with considerably greater severity. Thiamine deficiency was the predominant aetiological factor. Onset varied from days to several years postoperatively, with early presentations typically compression-related and later ones nutritionally mediated. Outcomes were generally favourable with early intervention, though severe or delayed cases were associated with persistent neurological deficits and occasional mortality. Neurological complications after bariatric surgery are heterogeneous and largely preventable, and structured post-operative follow-up with consistent adherence to nutritional supplementation remains central to reducing long-term harm.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim was to quantify changes in structural and functional nerve parameters following carpal tunnel release. The secondary aims were to describe recovery trajectories and describe the regenerative capacity of the median nerve. DESIGN: Prognosis systematic review with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH AND SELECTION CRITERIA: Six databases were searched from inception to June 2024 for studies reporting at least 1 of the following outcomes: electrodiagnostic measures, quantitative sensory testing, grip/pinch strength, 2-point discrimination, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament, intraepidermal nerve fiber density, autonomic measures, brain function/structure, or Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. DATA SYNTHESIS: Outcomes were categorized by time post surgery: <2, 2 to 4, 5 to 7, 8 to 12, and >12 months. Randomized and observational studies were included, with quality assessed using the RoB 2 tool (revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 199 studies comprising 15 636 patients and 578 healthy controls were included. We observed significant, time-dependent improvement in most outcomes. Grip and pinch strength did not show marked recovery until 5 to 7 months postoperatively. Compared to healthy controls, patients had persistent deficits in several electrodiagnostic measures even 1 year after surgery. Impairments in warm, vibration, and mechanical detection thresholds persisted up to 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Carpal tunnel release led to gradual improvement in median nerve function and structure. Key measures-including electrodiagnostics, detection thresholds, and intraepidermal nerve fiber density-often remained below normal levels after surgery. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2026;56(8):482-529. Epub 19 May 2026. doi:10.2519/jospt.2026.13846.