Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common convulsive disorder in childhood and are classified into simple and complex subtypes. Although blood tests are not routinely required, certain laboratory parameters may provide additional information for distinguishing these subtypes. We conducted a single-center retrospective study of 67 children, including 41 with simple FS and 26 with complex FS. Laboratory and clinical findings were compared between groups. Venous blood gas analysis revealed significant differences in pH (P = .039) and pCO2 (P = .042). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.825 for pH (threshold 7.432) and 0.817 for pCO2 (threshold 37.0 mm Hg). Seizure duration showed strong correlations with base excess (r = -0.85), pH (r = -0.77), ammonia (r = 0.76), and pCO2 (r = 0.74). These findings suggest that venous blood gas parameters are associated with seizure duration and may reflect seizure severity rather than independently distinguishing FS subtypes.

Remimazolam, an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine metabolized by carboxylesterase-1 (CES1), permits specific antagonism by flumazenil, enabling active reversal unavailable with propofol-based sedation. However, the safety profile of this reversal strategy-including re-sedation risk, seizure concerns, and special population considerations-remains incompletely characterized.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders globally. While medications, surgical interventions, and dietary changes can be successful in controlling seizures, a subset of individuals experience refractory epilepsy and are at increased risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Efforts to provide a detection system using devices have been successful at identifying seizures once they start, but there are no devices or systems on the market that predict seizures. The purpose of this systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024444250) is to determine non-invasive physiologic and environmental biomarkers that can be used to forecast seizures in pediatric epilepsy patients.

Research on the neuropsychological outcomes of hemispherectomy in childhood has largely focused on the development of language after surgery to the left hemisphere. That work has highlighted both the positive aspects of neural plasticity in that language representation is transferred to the right hemisphere and the negative aspects - the crowding effect- in that aspects of visual-spatial processing may suffer. Less is known about the effects of right hemispherectomy on cognitive development, particularly on visuospatial processing, with existing studies including samples that vary considerably in etiology, age of seizure onset, duration of epilepsy, and age at surgery. This case report discusses neuropsychological development at ages 6 and 10 years in a young boy who underwent a right hemispherectomy at 6 months of age. Despite an extended period of seizure-free development of the left hemisphere, there was no evidence for reorganization of visuospatial function, as he remained impaired on tests assessing his ability in that domain. Findings suggest that the left hemisphere has limited capacity to assume the visual-spatial functions usually associated with the right hemisphere.

Radiotherapy has long been first-line treatment for brain metastases. However, CNS penetrating systemic therapies are increasingly used as first-line alternatives. There is little evidence guiding surveillance in this setting. Here we retrospectively assessed surveillance strategies at a single institution and associated outcomes.

Neurologic disorders in the neonatal period are a leading cause of death and disability in low- and middle-income countries, including Latin America. Access to specialized neonatal neurocritical care remains limited, and educational opportunities are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, reach, knowledge acquisition, and perceived value of a virtual educational series in neonatal neurology targeting health care professionals across Latin America.

Arachnoid cysts are benign, congenital, cerebrospinal fluid-filled lesions, most often located in the middle cranial fossa, and usually discovered incidentally. Gliomas, in contrast, are the most common primary brain tumors of glial origin. The coexistence of dual intracranial pathologies is rare, and when reported, typically involves arachnoid cysts associated with other congenital or vascular abnormalities. To date, there are no published reports describing the coexistence of a glioma with a contralateral arachnoid cyst. We present two cases of concurrent unilateral temporal glioma with contralateral temporal arachnoid cyst. The first case involved a 15-year-old male with focal seizures and headaches, whose MRI revealed a left temporal ganglioglioma and a large right temporal arachnoid cyst. He underwent gross total excision of the tumor and cysto-cisternostomy of the arachnoid cyst, with histopathology confirming pilocytic astrocytoma. The second case involved a 45-year-old male with headaches and seizures, whose imaging demonstrated a right temporal oligodendroglioma and a contralateral left temporal arachnoid cyst. He underwent right temporal craniotomy and tumor excision with decompression of the arachnoid cyst, with histology confirming oligodendroglioma, IDH mutant, WHO grade 2. Both patients had uneventful postoperative recoveries. This is the first reported series of concurrent unilateral temporal glioma and contralateral arachnoid cyst. Although the coexistence may be incidental, a possible developmental or structural predisposition cannot be excluded. Careful radiological evaluation is essential to distinguish and appropriately manage both lesions.