Urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) affect millions of individuals worldwide. Existing animal models used to study UTI treatment or vaccine efficacy have limitations and cannot accurately predict efficacy in humans. In this study we aimed to establish and optimize an intraurethral UPEC urinary tract infection (UTI) model in Göttingen minipigs with characterization of the strains recovered from the urine.

Malakoplakia is a rare chronic inflammatory disease resulting from defective bactericidal activity of macrophages following bacterial infection. The most common causative pathogen is Escherichia coli. This condition predominantly affects immunocompromised individuals, particularly those who have undergone kidney transplantation. Malakoplakia is commonly diagnosed histopathologically based on the presence of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies with typical targetoid structures. In this study, we report a case of malakoplakia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in a kidney transplant recipient who presented with a urinary tract infection accompanied by acute kidney injury. To our knowledge, no prior case of renal malakoplakia solely attributed to K pneumoniae in a kidney transplant recipient has been reported. Kidney biopsy revealed numerous periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive globules in the tubulointerstitial area. CD68 immunostaining with PAS counterstain demonstrated that the PAS-positive globules were localized within the cytoplasm of CD68-positive histiocytes (ie, von Hansemann cells). Michaelis-Gutmann bodies were observed using Berlin blue staining. The patient was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and kidney function stabilized. In kidney transplant recipients, the presence of PAS-positive globules in kidney biopsy specimens should prompt consideration of renal parenchymal malakoplakia in the differential diagnosis. Special stains, such as von Kossa and Berlin blue, are essential for supporting the diagnosis.

Urothelial carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract arising from the transitional epithelium. Its clinical manifestations often overlap with non-neoplastic conditions, such as urinary tract infections, thereby presenting a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Differentiating from others condition is important, as the treatment and prognoses vary significantly. This case report presented a 4-year-old female local dog, weighing 11.55 kg in BVC Animal Hospital with a primary complaint of hematuria. Clinical, hematological, and serum biochemical evaluations revealed no significant abnormalities. Ultrasonographic (USG) examination identified a hypoechoic mass measuring 0.31×0.85 cm located within the lumen and thickening of urinary bladder wall. Cytological assessment was performed via urine catheterization. The cytological specimen demonstrated a population of cells with anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, raising suspicion of a malignant tumor. Consequently, biopsy was performed via cystotomy to establish a definitive diagnosis. Prior to release the histopathological results, post-cystotomy the dog was treated with cefadroxil as antibiotics at 20 mg/kg BW b.i.d for 14 days, carprofen as anti-inflammatory at 2 mg/kg BW s.i.d. for 5 days, and tramadol as analgesics at 2 mg/kg BW b.i.d. for 5 days. Histopathological examination showed a non-encapsulated tumor with well-defined demarcation in the mucosa. The tumor consists of a dense population of epithelial tumor cells without evidence of invasion, confirmed the diagnosis of non-invasive, non-papillary urothelial carcinoma (in situ). The patient was managed palliatively with the administration of piroxicam at 0.3 mg/kg BW s.i.d as monotherapy. Until day 190, the dog showing a stable disease. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented case of canine urothelial carcinoma in Indonesi.

Postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) is common after upper urinary tract stone surgery in patients with indwelling double-J stents, but dedicated risk-stratification tools for this peri-stent period remain limited. We aimed to develop and related-center validate a nomogram for individualized UTI risk estimation, while distinguishing earlier postoperative risk prediction from near-removal risk updating. In this retrospective two-center cohort study conducted from January 2023 to July 2025, 756 eligible patients were analyzed. Patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (Hospital A) were randomly divided into training (n = 382) and internal validation (n = 164) cohorts, while patients from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (Hospital B) formed a related-center validation cohort (n = 210). LASSO and multivariable logistic regression were used to construct the model. A pre-removal model included antecedent predictors available before the stent-removal encounter, whereas an updated at-removal model additionally incorporated urine nitrite positivity measured at stent removal. Postoperative UTI occurred in 17.5% of the training cohort and 18.6% of the related-center validation cohort. The pre-removal model included postoperative residual fragments (> 4 mm), longer DJ stent dwell time, prior UTI, moderate-to-severe hydronephrosis, and daily fluid intake > 3000 mL/day as a protective factor. The updated at-removal model additionally incorporated urine nitrite positivity at stent removal. The updated at-removal nomogram showed good discrimination, with AUCs of 0.873 in the training cohort, 0.835 in the internal validation cohort, and 0.932 in the related-center validation cohort. The pre-removal model also maintained good discrimination, with AUCs of 0.852, 0.807, and 0.926, respectively. This nomogram may serve as a potentially useful decision-support tool for structured postoperative surveillance in DJ-stented patients after upper urinary tract stone surgery. Because the study was retrospective and validation was performed within a related institutional network, broader prospective validation across more heterogeneous healthcare settings is required before routine clinical implementation.