Gartner's duct cyst is a benign cystic lesion arising from persistent remnants of the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct in females. It is most commonly located along the anterolateral vaginal wall and is often detected incidentally. Presentation in the posterolateral aspect of the rectovaginal pouch is uncommon. We report the case of a 32-year-old multiparous woman who presented with chronic vaginal discharge and pelvic discomfort and was found to have a Gartner's duct cyst located in the left posterolateral rectovaginal pouch, extending superiorly to the posterior lip of the cervix. Radiological evaluation with ultrasound and MRI suggested a benign cystic lesion, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. This case highlights an unusual anatomical location of a Gartner's duct cyst and underscores the importance of considering it in the differential diagnosis of posterior vaginal and rectovaginal cystic lesions.

Cervical cancer may remain undiagnosed during pregnancy in the absence of antenatal care, with potentially catastrophic obstetric consequences. We report an exceptionally rare case of an undiagnosed 5 cm cervical carcinoma discovered at 23 weeks of gestation, simultaneously obstructing the birth canal and complicated by chorioamnionitis-induced maternal sepsis. A 35-year-old multiparous woman (gravida 5 para 4) with a one-year history of uninvestigated post-coital metrorrhagia and no antenatal care presented at 23 weeks and 2 days with fever, pelvic pain, and watery vaginal discharge. Examination revealed sepsis with hemodynamic instability and a 5 cm indurated cervical mass with purulent leukorrhea; transvaginal ultrasound confirmed birth canal obstruction by the mass. An emergency cesarean section was performed, and a male neonate of 400 grams was delivered, dying two hours after birth from extreme prematurity. Cervical biopsies confirmed grade 2 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); the patient was staged as International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) IIB and scheduled for radical hysterectomy and adjuvant chemoradiation. A cervical tumor can simultaneously obstruct labor and act as a nidus for ascending intrauterine infection, a dual mechanism not previously described. This case underscores the need for routine antenatal cervical examination and the urgent establishment of a national cervical cancer screening program aligned with international recommendations.

Emphysematous endometritis is a rarely described clinical entity. The present report describes the case of a 44 -year-old woman who presented 2 weeks postpartum with abdominal pain, malodorous vaginal discharge, fever, and paresthesia in the setting of uterine embolization. Imaging showed emphysematous changes in the wall of the uterus. Histology of the hysterectomy sample showed acute suppurative myometritis, subserosal neutrophilic infiltrates, and emphysematous air pockets; these were accompanied by embolic material, bacterial clumps, and granulation tissue. Her recovery from the hysterectomy was without further complications.

This study evaluated the long-term impact of metritis on endometrial morphology and functionality in dairy cows. Postpartum Holstein cows (n = 107) were enrolled in a cohort study at the University of Idaho Dairy Center. Metritis was diagnosed using a Metricheck device within 12 days in milk (DIM) based on the presence of fetid, watery, reddish-brown vaginal discharge (VD). Cows diagnosed with metritis (MET; n = 9) were treated with ceftiofur crystalline free acid and paired with cows without metritis (NoMET; n = 9) of similar parity and DIM. Ovulation was synchronized using a Double Ovsynch protocol starting at 35 DIM, and ovulation was confirmed by ultrasonography. To eliminate confounding effects of semen or conceptus-derived signals, cows were not inseminated. Six days after ovulation (68-75 DIM), endometrial biopsy and cytology samples were collected. Endometrial morphology was assessed by histological evaluation of haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Endometrial transcriptomic profiles were determined by RNA sequencing from tissues collected via biopsy, and uterine fluid collected during cytology was analysed using metabolomic profiling. Differential gene expression was assessed using DESeq2, and metabolomic differences were evaluated using partial least squares discriminant analysis and PERMANOVA. Cows with metritis exhibited a numerically greater prevalence of periglandular fibrosis (63%; 95% Exact Binomial Confidence Interval [CI] = 25-92) compared with NoMET cows (44%; 95% CI = 14-79). Transcriptomic analysis identified 17 differentially expressed genes (FDR ≤ 0.10; |log2 fold change| > 1), including upregulation of genes associated with tissue repair in MET cows. No differences were detected in uterine fluid metabolomic profiles between groups. In conclusion, metritis was associated with persistent alterations in endometrial morphology and gene expression that were detectable months after clinical resolution, although these changes were not reflected in the uterine fluid metabolome.

Vaginal foreign bodies (VFBs) can affect women of all ages, but they are most frequently observed in the pediatric population. Such cases are relatively uncommon in women of reproductive age and postmenopausal women, and the long-term retention of foreign bodies in adults is particularly rare. We report a case of a 53-year-old postmenopausal woman with a history of bipolar disorder and autism spectrum disorder who presented with persistent vaginal bleeding, discharge, and foul odor for one year. She admitted to inserting various objects into her vagina annually since her early 30s. Imaging (ultrasound and CT) revealed multiple hyperechoic structures within the vaginal canal. Hysteroscopic examination demonstrated extensive inflammatory hyperplasia and polypoid lesions. A total of 13 foreign bodies, including porcelain bottles, a button, medicine bottles, and candy wrappers, were successfully retrieved. Postoperative histopathology confirmed benign inflammatory changes, ruling out malignancy. The patient recovered uneventfully. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and management of long-term retained VFBs in postmenopausal women with psychiatric comorbidities. It underscores the need for a high index of suspicion in such patients presenting with non-specific gynecological symptoms to prevent severe complications.