The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has recognized that lactation is a core component of reproductive physiology, and OB/GYN hospitalists should be well versed in the management of uncomplicated breastfeeding and common peripartum breast complications. Recent work by the World Health Organization and others has led to an increase in breastfeeding rates worldwide.[1] This is important given the numerous maternal and infant benefits from full-term breastfeeding. However, in the United States, more than one-half of women who breastfeed wean their infants before they planned to,[2] often as the result of breastfeeding difficulties. OB/GYN hospitalists are uniquely positioned to provide anticipatory guidance in the hospital; facilitate access to supportive inpatient and outpatient resources; and assess, diagnose, and treat peripartum breast complications when they arise. OB/GYN hospitalists are also valuable consultants to non-OB/GYN colleagues who admit lactating patients for medical problems, and often provide recommendations regarding safety of medications and facilitation of breastfeeding support during the hospitalization.