Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) comprises a spectrum of inflammatory disorders of the upper female genital tract, including endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and pelvic peritonitis. PID is caused by an infectious agent, often a sexually transmitted organism such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but is usually polymicrobial in etiology. Presenting symptoms often include pelvic pain and abnormal uterine bleeding. Women diagnosed with PID should be tested for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and HIV. Treatment is usually empiric using broad-spectrum coverage and may necessitate parenteral antibiotics and/or hospitalization. Sequelae can include infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Pregnant women suspected to have PID are at high risk for maternal morbidity and preterm delivery. OB/GYN hospitalists consulted for pelvic concerns can reduce the incidence of chronic pelvic pain and infertility through timely diagnosis and treatment of PID.