The goals of antepartum fetal surveillance techniques, of which the nonstress test is the most commonly used, are to assess fetal well-being and to aid in the prevention of fetal decompensation and demise. In obstetric emergency departments and obstetric triage units, a nonstress test is typically performed on all viable fetuses as part of the overall assessment in the maternal-fetal unit. Additional fetal surveillance techniques vary depending on the clinical scenario and may include a biophysical profile with assessment of amniotic fluid, contraction stress test, or umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry. OB/GYN hospitalists must know how to appropriately order, interpret, and manage the various fetal surveillance techniques to minimize the risk of intrauterine fetal demise while avoiding unnecessary interventions.