Esophageal Cancer

Epidemiology and Etiology

Esophageal cancer is estimated to account for approximately 18,440 deaths in the US in 2020.1 Esophageal cancer is 3–4 times more common in men. The main risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma include tobacco and alcohol use, while less common risk factors include achalasia and thermal injury from high-temperature foods/beverages. Risk factors for adenocarcinoma include tobacco, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Barrett esophagus.

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