Gallstone Disease
Gallstone Disease is a topic covered in the Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics.
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General Principles
- Asymptomatic gallstones (cholelithiasis) are a common incidental finding for which no specific therapy is generally necessary. Cholesterol stones are the most common type, but pigmented stones can be seen with hemolysis or infection. Risk factors include obesity, female gender, parity, rapid weight loss, ileal disease, and maternal family history.
- Symptomatic cholelithiasis, when upper abdominal symptoms are linked to gallstones, is typically treated surgically with cholecystectomy.
- Acute cholecystitis is caused most often by a gallstone obstructing the cystic duct, but acalculous cholecystitis can occur in critically ill patients.
- Choledocholithiasis refers to stones within the bile ducts.
- Cholangitis is infection of the bile ducts, usually caused by an impacted gallstone in the distal bile duct.
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General Principles
- Asymptomatic gallstones (cholelithiasis) are a common incidental finding for which no specific therapy is generally necessary. Cholesterol stones are the most common type, but pigmented stones can be seen with hemolysis or infection. Risk factors include obesity, female gender, parity, rapid weight loss, ileal disease, and maternal family history.
- Symptomatic cholelithiasis, when upper abdominal symptoms are linked to gallstones, is typically treated surgically with cholecystectomy.
- Acute cholecystitis is caused most often by a gallstone obstructing the cystic duct, but acalculous cholecystitis can occur in critically ill patients.
- Choledocholithiasis refers to stones within the bile ducts.
- Cholangitis is infection of the bile ducts, usually caused by an impacted gallstone in the distal bile duct.
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Citation
Bhat, Pavat, et al., editors. "Gallstone Disease." Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics, 35th ed., Wolters Kluwer Health, 2016. The Washington Manual, www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Washington-Manual-of-Medical-Therapeutics/602289/all/Gallstone_Disease.
Gallstone Disease. In: Bhat PP, Dretler AA, Gdowski MM, et al, eds. Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2016. https://www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Washington-Manual-of-Medical-Therapeutics/602289/all/Gallstone_Disease. Accessed February 8, 2023.
Gallstone Disease. (2016). In Bhat, P., Dretler, A., Gdowski, M., Ramgopal, R., & Williams, D. (Eds.), Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics (35th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health. https://www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Washington-Manual-of-Medical-Therapeutics/602289/all/Gallstone_Disease
Gallstone Disease [Internet]. In: Bhat PP, Dretler AA, Gdowski MM, Ramgopal RR, Williams DD, editors. Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2016. [cited 2023 February 08]. Available from: https://www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Washington-Manual-of-Medical-Therapeutics/602289/all/Gallstone_Disease.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Gallstone Disease
ID - 602289
ED - Williams,Dominique,
ED - Bhat,Pavat,
ED - Dretler,Alexandra,
ED - Gdowski,Mark,
ED - Ramgopal,Rajeev,
BT - Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics
UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Washington-Manual-of-Medical-Therapeutics/602289/all/Gallstone_Disease
PB - Wolters Kluwer Health
ET - 35
DB - The Washington Manual
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -