Acute Heart Failure and Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

Acute Heart Failure and Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema is a topic covered in the Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics.

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General Principles

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) occurs when the pulmonary capillary pressure exceeds the forces that maintain fluid within the vascular space (serum oncotic pressure and interstitial hydrostatic pressure).

  • Increased pulmonary capillary pressure may be caused by LV failure of any cause, obstruction to transmitral flow (e.g., mitral stenosis [MS], atrial myxoma), or rarely, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease.
  • Alveolar flooding and impairment of gas exchange follow accumulation of fluid in the pulmonary interstitium.

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General Principles

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) occurs when the pulmonary capillary pressure exceeds the forces that maintain fluid within the vascular space (serum oncotic pressure and interstitial hydrostatic pressure).

  • Increased pulmonary capillary pressure may be caused by LV failure of any cause, obstruction to transmitral flow (e.g., mitral stenosis [MS], atrial myxoma), or rarely, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease.
  • Alveolar flooding and impairment of gas exchange follow accumulation of fluid in the pulmonary interstitium.

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