Genitourinary Infections
Genitourinary Infections is a topic covered in the Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics.
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- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be uncomplicated or complicated, depending on host factors and underlying conditions. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to adult genitourinary infections are determined by gender-specific anatomic differences, prior antimicrobial exposures, and the presence of catheters, stents, etc. Infections are primarily caused by Enterobacterales (E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, and K. pneumoniae) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
- Workup includes urinalysis and microscopic examination of a fresh, unspun, clean-voided, or catheterized urine specimen. Pyuria (positive leukocyte esterase or ≥8 leukocytes per high-power field) or bacteriuria (positive nitrites or ≥1 organism per oil immersion field) suggests active infection if compatible symptoms are present. A high number of epithelial cells indicate an inadequate sample. A urine Gram stain can be helpful in guiding initial antimicrobial choices. Quantitative culture often yields >105 bacteria colony-forming units (CFU)/mL, but colony counts as low as 102–104 bacteria/mL may indicate infection in women with acute dysuria.
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- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be uncomplicated or complicated, depending on host factors and underlying conditions. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to adult genitourinary infections are determined by gender-specific anatomic differences, prior antimicrobial exposures, and the presence of catheters, stents, etc. Infections are primarily caused by Enterobacterales (E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, and K. pneumoniae) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
- Workup includes urinalysis and microscopic examination of a fresh, unspun, clean-voided, or catheterized urine specimen. Pyuria (positive leukocyte esterase or ≥8 leukocytes per high-power field) or bacteriuria (positive nitrites or ≥1 organism per oil immersion field) suggests active infection if compatible symptoms are present. A high number of epithelial cells indicate an inadequate sample. A urine Gram stain can be helpful in guiding initial antimicrobial choices. Quantitative culture often yields >105 bacteria colony-forming units (CFU)/mL, but colony counts as low as 102–104 bacteria/mL may indicate infection in women with acute dysuria.
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Citation
Bhat, Pavat, et al., editors. "Genitourinary Infections." Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics, 35th ed., Wolters Kluwer Health, 2016. Washington Manual Redesign, www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Washington-Manual-of-Medical-Therapeutics/602506/all/Genitourinary_Infections.
Genitourinary Infections. In: Bhat PP, Dretler AA, Gdowski MM, et al, eds. Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2016. https://www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Washington-Manual-of-Medical-Therapeutics/602506/all/Genitourinary_Infections. Accessed January 31, 2023.
Genitourinary Infections. (2016). In Bhat, P., Dretler, A., Gdowski, M., Ramgopal, R., & Williams, D. (Eds.), Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics (35th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health. https://www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Washington-Manual-of-Medical-Therapeutics/602506/all/Genitourinary_Infections
Genitourinary Infections [Internet]. In: Bhat PP, Dretler AA, Gdowski MM, Ramgopal RR, Williams DD, editors. Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2016. [cited 2023 January 31]. Available from: https://www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Washington-Manual-of-Medical-Therapeutics/602506/all/Genitourinary_Infections.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Genitourinary Infections
ID - 602506
ED - Williams,Dominique,
ED - Bhat,Pavat,
ED - Dretler,Alexandra,
ED - Gdowski,Mark,
ED - Ramgopal,Rajeev,
BT - Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics
UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Washington-Manual-of-Medical-Therapeutics/602506/all/Genitourinary_Infections
PB - Wolters Kluwer Health
ET - 35
DB - Washington Manual Redesign
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -