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Modifying effects of alcohol on the postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy subjects.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Jul; 96(1):44-9.AJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Moderate alcohol consumption associates with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, but in postprandial studies, alcohol induced impaired insulin sensitivity. The measurement of the glycemic index (GI) for beer has been considered challenging because of its low carbohydrate content. Therefore, imputed GI values from 36 to 95 on the basis of carbohydrate-rich beverages have been used for beer in epidemiologic studies.

OBJECTIVES

We investigated the acute effects of alcohol on glucose and insulin responses and measured GIs and insulinemic indexes (IIs) of nonalcoholic and alcoholic beers.

DESIGN

In a crossover design, 10 healthy volunteers were served beer with 4.5% alcohol by volume, nonalcoholic beer, and a glucose solution with alcohol once and the reference glucose solution twice. Each portion contained 25 g available carbohydrate, and the beer and glucose solution with alcohol contained 21 g alcohol. Capillary blood samples were collected up to 2 h after ingestion, and the incremental AUCs (IAUCs), GIs, and IIs were calculated.

RESULTS

Compared with the reference glucose solution, the glucose solution with alcohol produced an 18% higher postprandial glucose IAUC (P = 0.03) and had no significant effect on the insulin IAUC. Compared with the reference glucose solution, beer had no significant effect on glucose or insulin IAUCs, and nonalcoholic beer tended to reduce the glucose IAUC (P = 0.06) but not the insulin IAUC. GIs of beer and nonalcoholic beer were 119 and 80, and IIs were 130 and 88, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Alcohol increases the postprandial glucose response, probably through impaired insulin sensitivity. GI values published for alcohol-containing beers have underestimated the true glycemic effects.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Hätönen KA
Departments of Lifestyle and Participation, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. katja.hatonen@thl.fi
Virtamo J
No affiliation info available
Eriksson JG
No affiliation info available
Perälä MM
No affiliation info available
Sinkko HK
No affiliation info available
Leiviskä J
No affiliation info available
Valsta LM
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultAlcohol DrinkingBeerBeveragesBlood GlucoseCross-Over StudiesDietary CarbohydratesEthanolFemaleFinlandGlycemic IndexHumansInsulinInsulin ResistanceMaleMiddle AgedPostprandial Period

Pub Type(s)

Clinical Trial
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

22648716

Clinical Trial Links

Clinical trial which this article describes

Citation

Hätönen, Katja A., et al. "Modifying Effects of Alcohol On the Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Responses in Healthy Subjects." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 96, no. 1, 2012, pp. 44-9.
Hätönen KA, Virtamo J, Eriksson JG, et al. Modifying effects of alcohol on the postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96(1):44-9.
Hätönen, K. A., Virtamo, J., Eriksson, J. G., Perälä, M. M., Sinkko, H. K., Leiviskä, J., & Valsta, L. M. (2012). Modifying effects of alcohol on the postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy subjects. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 96(1), 44-9. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.031682
Hätönen KA, et al. Modifying Effects of Alcohol On the Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Responses in Healthy Subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96(1):44-9. PubMed PMID: 22648716.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Modifying effects of alcohol on the postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy subjects. AU - Hätönen,Katja A, AU - Virtamo,Jarmo, AU - Eriksson,Johan G, AU - Perälä,Mia-Maria, AU - Sinkko,Harri K, AU - Leiviskä,Jaana, AU - Valsta,Liisa M, Y1 - 2012/05/30/ PY - 2012/6/1/entrez PY - 2012/6/1/pubmed PY - 2012/9/8/medline SP - 44 EP - 9 JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition JO - Am J Clin Nutr VL - 96 IS - 1 N2 - BACKGROUND: Moderate alcohol consumption associates with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, but in postprandial studies, alcohol induced impaired insulin sensitivity. The measurement of the glycemic index (GI) for beer has been considered challenging because of its low carbohydrate content. Therefore, imputed GI values from 36 to 95 on the basis of carbohydrate-rich beverages have been used for beer in epidemiologic studies. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the acute effects of alcohol on glucose and insulin responses and measured GIs and insulinemic indexes (IIs) of nonalcoholic and alcoholic beers. DESIGN: In a crossover design, 10 healthy volunteers were served beer with 4.5% alcohol by volume, nonalcoholic beer, and a glucose solution with alcohol once and the reference glucose solution twice. Each portion contained 25 g available carbohydrate, and the beer and glucose solution with alcohol contained 21 g alcohol. Capillary blood samples were collected up to 2 h after ingestion, and the incremental AUCs (IAUCs), GIs, and IIs were calculated. RESULTS: Compared with the reference glucose solution, the glucose solution with alcohol produced an 18% higher postprandial glucose IAUC (P = 0.03) and had no significant effect on the insulin IAUC. Compared with the reference glucose solution, beer had no significant effect on glucose or insulin IAUCs, and nonalcoholic beer tended to reduce the glucose IAUC (P = 0.06) but not the insulin IAUC. GIs of beer and nonalcoholic beer were 119 and 80, and IIs were 130 and 88, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol increases the postprandial glucose response, probably through impaired insulin sensitivity. GI values published for alcohol-containing beers have underestimated the true glycemic effects. SN - 1938-3207 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/22648716/full_citation DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -