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Selenium and selenium-dependent antioxidants in chronic kidney disease.
Adv Clin Chem. 2015; 68:131-51.AC

Abstract

Oxidative stress plays a key role in numerous disease processes including chronic kidney disease (CKD). In general, oxygen metabolism leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) dangerous to cells. Although enzymes and low-molecular-weight antioxidants protect against ROS, chronic imbalances of formation and elimination can eventually overwhelm endogenous defenses leading to deleterious consequences. In CKD, glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Px) play an important role in ROS metabolism. Plasma GSH-Px is synthesized in the kidney and requires selenium (Se) as a cofactor. Interestingly, Se and plasma GSH-Px are both significantly reduced in CKD, especially for those patients on hemodialysis. Supplementation of Se in these patients results in modest increases of GSH-Px, presumably from residual renal tissue. Kidney transplantation rapidly restores plasma GSH-Px. In this chapter, the relevance of these findings to CKD is explored with emphasis on renal disease processes and impact on attendant disorders including cancer and cardiovascular disease.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland; College of Health Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland. Electronic address: bronzach1@gmail.com.

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

25858871

Citation

Zachara, Bronislaw A.. "Selenium and Selenium-dependent Antioxidants in Chronic Kidney Disease." Advances in Clinical Chemistry, vol. 68, 2015, pp. 131-51.
Zachara BA. Selenium and selenium-dependent antioxidants in chronic kidney disease. Adv Clin Chem. 2015;68:131-51.
Zachara, B. A. (2015). Selenium and selenium-dependent antioxidants in chronic kidney disease. Advances in Clinical Chemistry, 68, 131-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2014.11.006
Zachara BA. Selenium and Selenium-dependent Antioxidants in Chronic Kidney Disease. Adv Clin Chem. 2015;68:131-51. PubMed PMID: 25858871.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Selenium and selenium-dependent antioxidants in chronic kidney disease. A1 - Zachara,Bronislaw A, Y1 - 2015/01/07/ PY - 2015/4/11/entrez PY - 2015/4/11/pubmed PY - 2015/6/5/medline KW - Antioxidants KW - Chronic kidney disease KW - Glutathione peroxidases KW - Hemodialysis KW - Selenium SP - 131 EP - 51 JF - Advances in clinical chemistry JO - Adv Clin Chem VL - 68 N2 - Oxidative stress plays a key role in numerous disease processes including chronic kidney disease (CKD). In general, oxygen metabolism leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) dangerous to cells. Although enzymes and low-molecular-weight antioxidants protect against ROS, chronic imbalances of formation and elimination can eventually overwhelm endogenous defenses leading to deleterious consequences. In CKD, glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Px) play an important role in ROS metabolism. Plasma GSH-Px is synthesized in the kidney and requires selenium (Se) as a cofactor. Interestingly, Se and plasma GSH-Px are both significantly reduced in CKD, especially for those patients on hemodialysis. Supplementation of Se in these patients results in modest increases of GSH-Px, presumably from residual renal tissue. Kidney transplantation rapidly restores plasma GSH-Px. In this chapter, the relevance of these findings to CKD is explored with emphasis on renal disease processes and impact on attendant disorders including cancer and cardiovascular disease. SN - 0065-2423 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25858871/full_citation DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -