TY - JOUR T1 - Associations of Dietary Intake on Biological Markers of Inflammation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. AU - Bujtor,Melissa, AU - Turner,Anne I, AU - Torres,Susan J, AU - Esteban-Gonzalo,Laura, AU - Pariante,Carmine M, AU - Borsini,Alessandra, Y1 - 2021/01/25/ PY - 2020/12/24/received PY - 2021/1/19/revised PY - 2021/1/21/accepted PY - 2021/1/28/entrez PY - 2021/1/29/pubmed PY - 2021/5/4/medline PY - 2021/1/25/pmc-release KW - CRP KW - adolescent KW - biomarkers KW - children KW - cytokine KW - dietary intake KW - dietary pattern KW - inflammation KW - interleukin KW - macronutrients JF - Nutrients JO - Nutrients VL - 13 IS - 2 N2 - BACKGROUND: In children and adolescents, chronic low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of co- and multi-morbid conditions to mental health disorders. Diet quality is a potential mechanism of action that can exacerbate or ameliorate low-grade inflammation; however, the exact way dietary intake can regulate the immune response in children and adolescents is still to be fully understood. METHODS: Studies that measured dietary intake (patterns of diet, indices, food groups, nutrients) and any inflammatory biomarkers in children and adolescents aged 2 to19 years and published until November 2020 were included in this systematic review, and were selected in line with PRISMA guidelines through the following databases: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Global Health, Medline COMPLETE and Web of Science-Core Collection. A total of 53 articles were identified. RESULTS: Results show that adequate adherence to healthful dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, or food groups such as vegetables and fruit, or macro/micro nutrients such as fibre or vitamin C and E, are associated with decreased levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, mainly c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), whereas adherence to a Western dietary pattern, as well as intake of food groups such as added sugars, macro-nutrients such as saturated fatty acids or ultra-processed foods, is associated with higher levels of the same pro-inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first systematic review examining dietary intake and biological markers of inflammation in both children and adolescents. A good quality diet, high in vegetable and fruit intake, wholegrains, fibre and healthy fats ameliorates low-grade inflammation, and therefore represents a promising therapeutic approach, as well as an important element for disease prevention in both children and adolescents. SN - 2072-6643 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/33503979/full_citation DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -