Plant-based dietary patterns, genetic predisposition and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective study from the UK Biobank.
J Transl Med. 2023 Sep 27; 21(1):669.JT

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Plant-based dietary patterns may affect colorectal cancer (CRC) related outcomes, while risks differ in the quality of plant foods. We aimed to examine the association of plant-based diet quality with risks of CRC incidence and mortality and whether this association was modified by genetic risk.

METHODS

This prospective cohort study included 186,675 participants free of cancer when the last dietary recall was completed. We calculated three plant-based diet indices (PDIs), i.e., the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) representing adherence to plant-based diets with diverse quality. Genetic risk was characterized using a weighted polygenic risk score (PRS), capturing overall risk variants associated with CRC. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidential intervals (CI) were estimated by the cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS

Over a follow-up of 9.5 years, 2163 cases and 466 deaths from CRC were documented. The HR of CRC incidence was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81-0.96) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.84-0.99) per 10-score increase in PDI and hPDI, respectively. Compared to the lowest quartile, PDI, hPDI, and uPDI in the highest quartile were associated with a 13% decrease, a 15% decrease, and a 14% increase in risk of incident CRC, respectively. We found a joint association of genetic risk and PDIs with incident CRC, with the highest hazard observed in those carrying higher PRS and adhering to lower-quality PDIs. The inverse association of PDI and hPDI with CRC mortality was pronounced in males.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggested that better adherence to overall and healthful plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of CRC, whereas an unhealthful plant-based diet was associated with a higher CRC risk. Consumption of a higher-quality plant-based diet combined with decreased genetic risk conferred less susceptibility to CRC. Our findings highlighted the importance of food quality when adhering to a plant-based dietary pattern for CRC prevention in the general population.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Liu F

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.

Lv Y

Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.

Comprehensive Management Department of Occupational Health, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518020, China.

Chen L

Song F

MeSH

MaleHumansProspective StudiesGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseBiological Specimen BanksColorectal NeoplasmsUnited Kingdom

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

37759216

Citation

Liu, Fubin, et al. "Plant-based Dietary Patterns, Genetic Predisposition and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Prospective Study From the UK Biobank." Journal of Translational Medicine, vol. 21, no. 1, 2023, p. 669.

Liu F, Lv Y, Peng Y, et al. Plant-based dietary patterns, genetic predisposition and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective study from the UK Biobank. J Transl Med. 2023;21(1):669.

Liu, F., Lv, Y., Peng, Y., Qiao, Y., Wang, P., Si, C., Wang, X., Gong, J., Zhou, H., Zhang, M., Chen, L., & Song, F. (2023). Plant-based dietary patterns, genetic predisposition and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective study from the UK Biobank. Journal of Translational Medicine, 21(1), 669. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04522-8

Liu F, et al. Plant-based Dietary Patterns, Genetic Predisposition and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Prospective Study From the UK Biobank. J Transl Med. 2023 09 27;21(1):669. PubMed PMID: 37759216.

* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case

TY - JOUR T1 - Plant-based dietary patterns, genetic predisposition and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective study from the UK Biobank. AU - Liu,Fubin, AU - Lv,Yanling, AU - Peng,Yu, AU - Qiao,Yating, AU - Wang,Peng, AU - Si,Changyu, AU - Wang,Xixuan, AU - Gong,Jianxiao, AU - Zhou,Huijun, AU - Zhang,Ming, AU - Chen,Liangkai, AU - Song,Fangfang, Y1 - 2023/09/27/ PY - 2023/06/06/received PY - 2023/09/12/accepted PY - 2023/11/21/medline PY - 2023/9/28/pubmed PY - 2023/9/27/entrez KW - Colorectal cancer KW - Diet quality KW - Plant-based diet indices KW - Polygenic risk score KW - UK Biobank SP - 669 EP - 669 JF - Journal of translational medicine JO - J Transl Med VL - 21 IS - 1 N2 - BACKGROUND: Plant-based dietary patterns may affect colorectal cancer (CRC) related outcomes, while risks differ in the quality of plant foods. We aimed to examine the association of plant-based diet quality with risks of CRC incidence and mortality and whether this association was modified by genetic risk. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 186,675 participants free of cancer when the last dietary recall was completed. We calculated three plant-based diet indices (PDIs), i.e., the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) representing adherence to plant-based diets with diverse quality. Genetic risk was characterized using a weighted polygenic risk score (PRS), capturing overall risk variants associated with CRC. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidential intervals (CI) were estimated by the cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Over a follow-up of 9.5 years, 2163 cases and 466 deaths from CRC were documented. The HR of CRC incidence was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81-0.96) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.84-0.99) per 10-score increase in PDI and hPDI, respectively. Compared to the lowest quartile, PDI, hPDI, and uPDI in the highest quartile were associated with a 13% decrease, a 15% decrease, and a 14% increase in risk of incident CRC, respectively. We found a joint association of genetic risk and PDIs with incident CRC, with the highest hazard observed in those carrying higher PRS and adhering to lower-quality PDIs. The inverse association of PDI and hPDI with CRC mortality was pronounced in males. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that better adherence to overall and healthful plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of CRC, whereas an unhealthful plant-based diet was associated with a higher CRC risk. Consumption of a higher-quality plant-based diet combined with decreased genetic risk conferred less susceptibility to CRC. Our findings highlighted the importance of food quality when adhering to a plant-based dietary pattern for CRC prevention in the general population. SN - 1479-5876 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/37759216/full_citation DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -

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Plant-based dietary patterns, genetic predisposition and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective study from the UK Biobank.J Transl Med. 2023 Sep 27; 21(1):669.JT