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Twist-programmable superconductivity in spin-orbit-coupled bilayer graphene.
Nature. 2025 May; 641(8063):625-631.Nat

Abstract

The relative twist angle between layers of near-lattice-matched van der Waals materials is critical for the emergent phenomena associated with moiré flat bands[1-3]. However, the concept of angle rotation control is not exclusive to moiré superlattices in which electrons directly experience a twist-angle-dependent periodic potential. Instead, it can also be used to induce programmable symmetry-breaking perturbations with the goal of stabilizing desired correlated states. Here we experimentally demonstrate 'moiréless' twist-tuning of superconductivity together with other correlated orders in Bernal bilayer graphene proximitized by tungsten diselenide. The precise alignment between the two materials systematically controls the strength of induced Ising spin-orbit coupling (SOC), profoundly altering the phase diagram. As Ising SOC is increased, superconductivity onsets at a higher displacement field and features a higher critical temperature, reaching up to 0.5 K. Within the main superconducting dome and in the strong Ising SOC limit, we find an unusual phase transition characterized by a nematic redistribution of holes among trigonally warped Fermi pockets and enhanced resilience to in-plane magnetic fields. The superconducting behaviour is theoretically compatible with the prominent role of interband interactions between symmetry-breaking Fermi pockets. Moreover, we identify two additional superconducting regions, one of which descends from an inter-valley coherent normal state and shows a Pauli-limit violation ratio exceeding 40, among the highest for all known superconductors[4-7]. Our results provide insights into ultraclean graphene superconductors and underscore the potential of utilizing moiréless-twist engineering across a wide range of van der Waals heterostructures.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Zhang Y
T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. yzhang7@caltech.edu. Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. yzhang7@caltech.edu. Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. yzhang7@caltech.edu.
Shavit G
Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. Walter Burke Institute of Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Ma H
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, USA. Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Han Y
Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Siu CW
T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Mukherjee A
T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Watanabe K
National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
Taniguchi T
National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
Hsieh D
Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Lewandowski C
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, USA. Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
von Oppen F
Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Oreg Y
Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Nadj-Perge S
T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. s.nadj-perge@caltech.edu. Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. s.nadj-perge@caltech.edu.

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

40335702

Citation

Zhang, Yiran, et al. "Twist-programmable Superconductivity in Spin-orbit-coupled Bilayer Graphene." Nature, vol. 641, no. 8063, 2025, pp. 625-631.
Zhang Y, Shavit G, Ma H, et al. Twist-programmable superconductivity in spin-orbit-coupled bilayer graphene. Nature. 2025;641(8063):625-631.
Zhang, Y., Shavit, G., Ma, H., Han, Y., Siu, C. W., Mukherjee, A., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Hsieh, D., Lewandowski, C., von Oppen, F., Oreg, Y., & Nadj-Perge, S. (2025). Twist-programmable superconductivity in spin-orbit-coupled bilayer graphene. Nature, 641(8063), 625-631. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08959-3
Zhang Y, et al. Twist-programmable Superconductivity in Spin-orbit-coupled Bilayer Graphene. Nature. 2025;641(8063):625-631. PubMed PMID: 40335702.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Twist-programmable superconductivity in spin-orbit-coupled bilayer graphene. AU - Zhang,Yiran, AU - Shavit,Gal, AU - Ma,Huiyang, AU - Han,Youngjoon, AU - Siu,Chi Wang, AU - Mukherjee,Ankan, AU - Watanabe,Kenji, AU - Taniguchi,Takashi, AU - Hsieh,David, AU - Lewandowski,Cyprian, AU - von Oppen,Felix, AU - Oreg,Yuval, AU - Nadj-Perge,Stevan, Y1 - 2025/05/07/ PY - 2024/08/05/received PY - 2025/04/01/accepted PY - 2025/5/14/medline PY - 2025/5/8/pubmed PY - 2025/5/7/entrez SP - 625 EP - 631 JF - Nature JO - Nature VL - 641 IS - 8063 N2 - The relative twist angle between layers of near-lattice-matched van der Waals materials is critical for the emergent phenomena associated with moiré flat bands[1-3]. However, the concept of angle rotation control is not exclusive to moiré superlattices in which electrons directly experience a twist-angle-dependent periodic potential. Instead, it can also be used to induce programmable symmetry-breaking perturbations with the goal of stabilizing desired correlated states. Here we experimentally demonstrate 'moiréless' twist-tuning of superconductivity together with other correlated orders in Bernal bilayer graphene proximitized by tungsten diselenide. The precise alignment between the two materials systematically controls the strength of induced Ising spin-orbit coupling (SOC), profoundly altering the phase diagram. As Ising SOC is increased, superconductivity onsets at a higher displacement field and features a higher critical temperature, reaching up to 0.5 K. Within the main superconducting dome and in the strong Ising SOC limit, we find an unusual phase transition characterized by a nematic redistribution of holes among trigonally warped Fermi pockets and enhanced resilience to in-plane magnetic fields. The superconducting behaviour is theoretically compatible with the prominent role of interband interactions between symmetry-breaking Fermi pockets. Moreover, we identify two additional superconducting regions, one of which descends from an inter-valley coherent normal state and shows a Pauli-limit violation ratio exceeding 40, among the highest for all known superconductors[4-7]. Our results provide insights into ultraclean graphene superconductors and underscore the potential of utilizing moiréless-twist engineering across a wide range of van der Waals heterostructures. SN - 1476-4687 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/40335702/Twist-programmable_superconductivity_in_spin-orbit-coupled_bilayer_graphene DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -
Grapherence [↓3 ↑25]

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