Tags

Type your tag names separated by a space and hit enter

Italian EBP Implementation Scales: A Psychometric Validation Study.
Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2026 Feb; 23(1):e70114.WE

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is widely endorsed as a cornerstone for high-quality, patient-centered care. However, its integration into daily clinical routines remains inconsistent, particularly in settings where cultural, educational, and organizational challenges persist. Reliable, contextually adapted tools are essential to measure EBP implementation and guide improvement efforts.

AIMS

This study aimed to validate the Italian versions of the EBP Implementation Scale and its short-form (3-item) version.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Both versions of the EBP Implementation Scale were translated and culturally adapted in accordance with internationally recognized guidelines. Data were gathered from a national sample of 405 nurses through a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. Psychometric assessment encompassed confirmatory and Bayesian factor analyses, evaluation of internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and measurement invariance testing. All analyses were performed in R Studio.

RESULTS

Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed that both versions (long and short) of the scale measure a single underlying construct. The instruments demonstrated high reliability (ω = 0.96 and 0.87 respectively). Measurement invariance across educational groups was partially established, as the partial scalar invariance model demonstrated acceptable fit (CFI = 0.991, RMSEA = 0.045), suggesting consistent interpretation of the scale across different levels of EBP training. Latent profile analysis revealed distinct subgroups of EBP implementers, with notable differences in latent means (p < 0.001) associated with previous education in evidence-based practice.

DISCUSSION

The Italian EBP Implementation Scales are valid and reliable tools for assessing EBP implementation behaviors. They can support education planning, monitor practice changes over time, and inform interventions aimed at enhancing evidence-based care.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Bozzetti M
Direction of Health Professions, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy.
Cascio AL
Direction of Health Professions, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy.
Napolitano D
CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy.
Curcio F
Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Amato S
Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart Transplant Centre and ECMO, Rome, Italy.
Guardione R
Pediatric Emergency Department, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.
Caruso R
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Notarnicola I
Department Medicine and Surgical, University of Enna "Kore", Enna, Italy.
Gonzalez CIA
Department Medicine and Surgical, University of Enna "Kore", Enna, Italy.
Reato F
Bachelor's Degree in Nursing, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
D'Angelo D
Centro Nazionale Clinical Governance ed Eccelleza delle Cure, Istituto Superiore della Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Tartaglini D
Department of Health Professions, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy. Research Unit of Nursing Science, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico, University, Rome, Italy.
Ivziku D
Department of Health Professions, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy. Faculty of Medical Sciences, AAB College, Pristina, Kosovo.

MeSH

HumansPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsItalyCross-Sectional StudiesSurveys and QuestionnairesFemaleAdultMaleMiddle AgedEvidence-Based PracticeFactor Analysis, Statistical

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

41580886

Citation

Bozzetti, Mattia, et al. "Italian EBP Implementation Scales: a Psychometric Validation Study." Worldviews On Evidence-based Nursing, vol. 23, no. 1, 2026, pp. e70114.
Bozzetti M, Cascio AL, Napolitano D, et al. Italian EBP Implementation Scales: A Psychometric Validation Study. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2026;23(1):e70114.
Bozzetti, M., Cascio, A. L., Napolitano, D., Curcio, F., Amato, S., Guardione, R., Caruso, R., Notarnicola, I., Gonzalez, C. I. A., Reato, F., D'Angelo, D., Tartaglini, D., & Ivziku, D. (2026). Italian EBP Implementation Scales: A Psychometric Validation Study. Worldviews On Evidence-based Nursing, 23(1), e70114. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.70114
Bozzetti M, et al. Italian EBP Implementation Scales: a Psychometric Validation Study. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2026;23(1):e70114. PubMed PMID: 41580886.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Italian EBP Implementation Scales: A Psychometric Validation Study. AU - Bozzetti,Mattia, AU - Cascio,Alessio Lo, AU - Napolitano,Daniele, AU - Curcio,Felice, AU - Amato,Simone, AU - Guardione,Roberta, AU - Caruso,Rosario, AU - Notarnicola,Ippolito, AU - Gonzalez,Cesar Ivan Aviles, AU - Reato,Francesca, AU - D'Angelo,Daniela, AU - Tartaglini,Daniela, AU - Ivziku,Dhurata, PY - 2025/11/1/revised PY - 2025/7/9/received PY - 2025/11/21/accepted PY - 2026/1/25/medline PY - 2026/1/25/pubmed PY - 2026/1/25/entrez KW - evidence‐based practice KW - implementation KW - measurement KW - nursing KW - psychometrics KW - reliability KW - validity SP - e70114 EP - e70114 JF - Worldviews on evidence-based nursing JO - Worldviews Evid Based Nurs VL - 23 IS - 1 N2 - BACKGROUND: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is widely endorsed as a cornerstone for high-quality, patient-centered care. However, its integration into daily clinical routines remains inconsistent, particularly in settings where cultural, educational, and organizational challenges persist. Reliable, contextually adapted tools are essential to measure EBP implementation and guide improvement efforts. AIMS: This study aimed to validate the Italian versions of the EBP Implementation Scale and its short-form (3-item) version. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Both versions of the EBP Implementation Scale were translated and culturally adapted in accordance with internationally recognized guidelines. Data were gathered from a national sample of 405 nurses through a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. Psychometric assessment encompassed confirmatory and Bayesian factor analyses, evaluation of internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and measurement invariance testing. All analyses were performed in R Studio. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed that both versions (long and short) of the scale measure a single underlying construct. The instruments demonstrated high reliability (ω = 0.96 and 0.87 respectively). Measurement invariance across educational groups was partially established, as the partial scalar invariance model demonstrated acceptable fit (CFI = 0.991, RMSEA = 0.045), suggesting consistent interpretation of the scale across different levels of EBP training. Latent profile analysis revealed distinct subgroups of EBP implementers, with notable differences in latent means (p < 0.001) associated with previous education in evidence-based practice. DISCUSSION: The Italian EBP Implementation Scales are valid and reliable tools for assessing EBP implementation behaviors. They can support education planning, monitor practice changes over time, and inform interventions aimed at enhancing evidence-based care. SN - 1741-6787 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/41580886/Italian_EBP_Implementation_Scales:_A_Psychometric_Validation_Study. DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -

Related Citations

    More

    Others Viewed