The primary care provider will commonly see skin and soft tissue infections in the outpatient setting. Skin and soft tissue infections range from the uncomplicated impetigo to the potentially lethal necrotizing fasciitis. This article reviews these infections based on their underlying etiology: bacterial, fungal, and viral causes. This article discusses the etiology, presentation, evaluation, and management of impetigo, bullous impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis, periorbital cellulitis, orbital cellulitis, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, abscess, necrotizing fasciitis, sporotrichosis, tinea corporis, tinea pedis, tinea capitis, Herpes Simplex Virus, zoster, molluscum contagiosum, and warts.

The current number of fungal infections occurring each year in Turkey is unknown. We estimated the burden of serious human fungal diseases based on the population at risk, existing epidemiological data from 1920 to 2017, and modelling previously described by the LIFE program Among the population of Turkey (80.8 million in 2017), approximately 1,785,811 (2.21%) people are estimated to suffer from a serious fungal infection each year. The model used predicts high prevalences of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis episodes (312,994 cases) (392/100,000), of severe asthma with fungal sensitization (42,989 cases) (53.20 cases/100,000 adults per year), of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (32,594 cases) (40.33/100,000), of fungal keratitis (26,671 cases) (33/100,000), and of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (5,890 cases) (7.29/100,000). The estimated annual incidence for invasive aspergillosis is lower (3,991 cases) (4.94/100,000 annually). Amongst about 22.5 million women aged 15-50 years, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is estimated to occur in 1,350,371 (3,342/100,000) females. The burden of three superficial fungal infections was also estimated: tinea pedis (1.79 million), tinea capitis (43,900), and onychomycosis (1.73 million). Given that the modeling estimates reported in the current study might be substantially under- or over-estimated, formal epidemiological and comprehensive surveillance studies are required to validate or modify these estimates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Topical tolnaftate has not been studied during breastfeeding and no data are available on the extent of its absorption after topical application. Because it is probably poorly absorbed after topical application, it is considered a low risk to the nursing infant. Avoid application to the nipple area and ensure that the infant's skin does not come into direct contact with the areas of skin that have been treated. Only water-miscible cream, gel or liquid products should be applied to the breast because ointments may expose the infant to high levels of mineral paraffins via licking.[1]

Onychomycosis is a fungal nail infection caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophytes, and yeast and is the most common nail disorder seen in clinical practice. It is an important problem, as it may cause local pain, paresthesias, difficulties performing activities of daily life, and impair social interactions. In the following continuing medical education manuscript, we review the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical presentation of onychomycosis and demonstrate current and emerging diagnostic strategies.