Chronic eczematous skin disorders that first appear in later life are poorly characterized, partly because existing terminology is inconsistent and often conflates morphologic descriptors with specific diagnoses. This review introduces chronic eczematous eruptions of aging (CEEsA) as an umbrella term, summarizes current knowledge on its epidemiology, etiologies, and clinical presentation, outlines best practices in management, and highlights gaps requiring further investigation. CEEsA frequently present as ill defined, intensely pruritic eruptions on the trunk and extensor limbs, are often refractory to standard topical therapies, and may be precipitated by calcium channel blockers or thiazide diuretics. A structured diagnostic algorithm-incorporating exclusion of mimickers (e.g., tinea pedis-linked auto-eczematization, scabies, contact dermatitis, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma), lesional biopsy, patch testing, and strategic drug withdrawal-is essential before escalating to systemic therapy. This approach helps avoid unnecessary treatment or other etiologies with different management. Although traditional broad spectrum immunosuppressants carry age related safety concerns, emerging targeted agents that dampen type 2 cytokine signaling (dupilumab, tralokinumab) or Janus kinase pathways (upadacitinib) show promising efficacy and tolerability in small case series of CEEsA, including idiopathic forms. Recognizing CEEsA as a distinct clinical construct should streamline nomenclature, sensitize clinicians to reversible drug triggers, and catalyze research into pathophysiology-specific, age appropriate treatments for this under studied geriatric dermatology domain.

Dermatophytosis is commonly caused by anthropophilic or zoophilic fungi. Although factors related to the disease onset have been identified, it is unclear whether these factors influence disease prevalence differently depending on the fungus's ecological niche. Our study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of dermatophytosis caused by anthropophilic versus zoophilic agents. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study (1976-2015) including confirmed cases of dermatophytosis diagnosed by positive mycological cultures in patients treated at the Institute of Tropical Medicine "Daniel Alcides Carrion"-National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Demographic and microbiological data were collected. We used the Chi-square test to evaluate differences in the prevalence of anthropophilic and zoophilic dermatophytosis across the variables of interest. A total of 4961 cases of dermatophytosis were diagnosed. Anthropophilic dermatophytosis was most prevalent in adults, primarily due to Trichophyton rubrum (92.19%) and T. interdigitale (94.16%) (P < 0.001). In contrast, zoophilic dermatophytosis was most prevalent in children, primarily due to Microsporum canis (64.24%) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, anthropophilic dermatophytosis was most prevalent in tinea unguium due to T. rubrum (61.49%) and T. interdigitale (62.12%), as well as in tinea pedis due to T. interdigitale (37.88%) (P < 0.001). Conversely, zoophilic dermatophytosis was most prevalent in tinea capitis due to M. canis (54.88%), as well as in tinea manum and tinea corporis due to T. mentagrophytes (25.71% and 37.71%, respectively) (P < 0.001). According to its ecology, dermatophytosis was related to the age group affected, the clinical form presentation, and a specific etiology.

Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) is a superficial fungal skin infection caused by dermatophytes, most commonly the anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum. Clinically, it is characterized mainly by scaling, erythema, and fissure formation, and it may present in three primary forms: interdigital, plantar, and vesiculobullous. The infection is often accompanied by mild pruritus; when fissures develop, burning and pain may also occur. Maceration, fissures, and desquamation of the stratum corneum in the interdigital spaces may serve as entry points for β-haemolytic streptococci, thereby increasing the risk of erysipelas. Another complication is the potential spread of infection to the nails, hands, groin, or other body sites. Tinea pedis is primarily indicated for topical antifungal therapy. Over-the-counter antifungal agents include imidazoles, allylamines, thiocarbamates, and undecylenic acid derivatives. Based on an analysis of clinical studies, their efficacy and duration of treatment have been compared.

Sprinters need to generate horizontal impulse quickly in the first step out of the blocks to accelerate the body toward the finish line. The purpose of this study was to determine how body configuration at initial foot contact was correlated to ground reaction force measures and multijoint control during the first step out of the blocks by highly trained to world-class sprinters. Measurements of ground reaction forces and segment kinematics during sprint starts performed during a training session revealed that positioning the foot further behind the center of mass at initial contact significantly correlated with shorter contact times, greater average horizontal forces, and increased net joint moment impulse on the knee during the impact phase. Increases in average horizontal forces were significantly correlated with smaller magnitudes of shank angular velocity during the impact phase and shorter times to peak thigh angular velocity during the postimpact phase. We also used kinetic and kinematic data to provide feedback regarding an athlete's mechanics to coaches for use within a training session on the track.

Nitric oxide (NO)-based therapeutics represent a promising modality for overcoming the challenges of treating dermatophyte infections within keratinized tissues.

A commercially available nitric oxide (NO)-releasing solution (NORS) has demonstrated in vitro efficacy for dermatophytosis, but a NO-releasing gel (NORG) may be more suitable for patient self-application. We present a preliminary investigation of NORS for tinea pedis and an in vitro investigation of NORG for dermatophyte infection, to complement the existing published data and expand support for a possible role of NO formulations in superficial dermatophyte infection. In vitro usage of NORS and NORG is reviewed. The antifungal efficacy of NORG was assessed via time-kill assays, zone of inhibition tests with synthetic dermal membrane permeation, and scanning electron microscopy. A randomized, controlled pilot study of NORS for tinea pedis investigated the safety and efficacy of treatment over three consecutive days, with a day-31 follow-up. The NORG demonstrated rapid fungicidal activity against T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes and effective dermal membrane penetration while retaining antifungal action. Significant morphological damage to fungal cells was noted, indicating possible fungicidal activity. The clinical NORS treatment reduced the clinical symptom severity score by 67% on average, with no significant safety findings. These findings, in addition to existing publications, support NO-releasing formulations as potential therapies that warrant further clinical investigation for superficial fungal infection.